From: Bridges or buffers? Motives behind Immigrants’ Religiosity
Variables | Attendance at religious services | Attendance at religious services | Frequency of prayer | Frequency of prayer |
---|---|---|---|---|
EUROPE | US | EUROPE | US | |
Immigrant var. | ||||
First generation | 0.272*** | 0.342*** | 0.646*** | −0.133** |
Second generation | 0.166* | −0.072 | 0.353** | −0.109 |
Socio-economic vars. | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
30 and under | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
31 to 45 | 0.110*** | 0.037 | 0.225*** | 0.198*** |
46 to 59 | 0.220*** | 0.144 | 0.471*** | 0.364*** |
60 and over | 0.501*** | 0.605*** | 1.033*** | 0.360*** |
Education (years completed) | ||||
Less than 6 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
7 to 12 | -0.141** | -0.236 | -0.253*** | -0.186* |
13 to 16 | −0.088 | 0.209 | −0.259*** | −0.069 |
17 and over | 0.027 | 0.703*** | −0.095 | −0.027 |
Female | 0.302*** | 0.559*** | 0.971*** | 0.704*** |
Members in household | 0.070*** | 0.061** | 0.086*** | 0.012 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Married | 0.126*** | 0.663*** | 0.175*** | 0.210*** |
Divorced | −0.127*** | −0.133 | 0.083* | 0.082 |
Widowed | 0.143*** | 0.620*** | 0.533*** | 0.256*** |
Low income | −0.006 | −0.220 | 0.200*** | 0.150** |
Employment status | ||||
Retired/student/home | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Employee | -0.251*** | 0.049 | -0.237*** | -0.146*** |
Self-employed | −0.177** | −0.085 | −0.135* | −0.099 |
Unemployed | −0.115*** | −0.246 | −0.125** | −0.107 |
Religion var. | ||||
Catholic | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Protestant: | −0.321** | −0.425 | ||
Black | −0.173* | 0.074 | ||
Evangelical | 0.705*** | 0.358*** | ||
Mainline | −0.461*** | −0.311*** | ||
Orthodox | −0.431* | −0.850* | −0.407 | −0.556* |
Other Christian | 0.725*** | 0.070 | 0.986*** | 0.346*** |
Jewish | −0.400** | −1.594*** | −0.292 | −1.313*** |
Moslem | −0.162 | 0.556 | 0.333 | 0.771** |
Country dummies | Yes | - | Yes | - |
Wave dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Sample size | 107,361 | 6,547 | 107,361 | 6,547 |
R-squared | 0.183 | 0.079 | 0.190 | 0.124 |