Variable | Mediterranean | Caribbean | Western | Dutch | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Without | With UH | Without | Without | With UH | Without | With UH |
Woman | −0.091*** | −0.061*** | −0.074*** | −0.113*** | −0.098*** | −0.113*** | −0.099*** |
 | (0.023) | (0.021) | (0.022) | (0.013) | (0.012) | (0.003) | (0.003) |
Age | −0.029*** | −0.024*** | −0.033*** | −0.025*** | −0.025*** | −0.038*** | −0.039*** |
 | (0.008) | (0.007) | (0.006) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
Second generation | −0.073** | −0.055** | −0.076*** | 0.102*** | 0.083*** |  |  |
 | (0.029) | (0.026) | (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.025) |  |  |
WO-start | 0.157*** | 0.171*** | 0.259*** | 0.230*** | 0.236*** | 0.265*** | 0.260*** |
 | (0.048) | (0.043) | (0.037) | (0.019) | (0.017) | (0.005) | (0.004) |
Switched HBO to WO | −0.046 | −0.020 | −0.063** | −0.004 | 0.011 | 0.065*** | 0.066*** |
 | (0.033) | (0.028) | (0.031) | (0.022) | (0.019) | (0.005) | (0.005) |
Preliminary Training: VWO | 0.042 | 0.036 | −0.110*** | −0.057*** | −0.046*** | −0.022*** | −0.012*** |
 | (0.046) | (0.040) | (0.034) | (0.019) | (0.017) | (0.005) | (0.004) |
Preliminary Training: MBO | −0.042 | −0.059** | −0.103*** | −0.077*** | −0.089*** | −0.070*** | −0.076*** |
 | (0.030) | (0.027) | (0.027) | (0.019) | (0.018) | (0.004) | (0.004) |
Preliminary Training: Other | 0.210*** | 0.184*** | −0.261*** | −0.046 | −0.042 | −0.040** | −0.031** |
 | (0.051) | (0.047) | (0.060) | (0.030) | (0.028) | (0.017) | (0.016) |
Education | 0.028 | 0.009 | −0.019 | 0.034 | 0.017 | 0.029*** | 0.015** |
 | (0.070) | (0.061) | (0.055) | (0.029) | (0.027) | (0.007) | (0.006) |
Humanities | −0.117 | −0.133 | 0.070 | −0.012 | −0.010 | 0.073*** | 0.061*** |
 | (0.091) | (0.082) | (0.066) | (0.028) | (0.026) | (0.008) | (0.007) |
Economics & Law | −0.015 | −0.010 | −0.037 | 0.026 | 0.017 | −0.016** | −0.018*** |
 | (0.062) | (0.055) | (0.047) | (0.024) | (0.022) | (0.007) | (0.006) |
Natural Sciences | −0.118* | −0.100* | −0.053 | −0.018 | −0.014 | −0.032*** | −0.030*** |
 | (0.067) | (0.060) | (0.051) | (0.026) | (0.024) | (0.007) | (0.006) |
Health & Social Services | −0.076 | −0.090 | −0.205*** | −0.137*** | −0.123*** | −0.104*** | −0.099*** |
 | (0.065) | (0.058) | (0.049) | (0.025) | (0.023) | (0.007) | (0.006) |
# children living with mother | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.021** | −0.007 | −0.009 | −0.011*** | −0.011*** |
 | (0.007) | (0.006) | (0.010) | (0.007) | (0.006) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
Parents living together | −0.062 | −0.045 | −0.031 | −0.055*** | −0.043** | −0.060*** | −0.048*** |
 | (0.040) | (0.036) | (0.030) | (0.018) | (0.017) | (0.005) | (0.005) |
Mother widowed | −0.087 | −0.105 | −0.133 | −0.083* | −0.075* | −0.068*** | −0.062*** |
 | (0.078) | (0.072) | (0.081) | (0.045) | (0.041) | (0.015) | (0.014) |
Log Father’s income | −0.004 | −0.006 | −0.004 | −0.002 | −0.001 | −0.002* | −0.001 |
 | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.008) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
Log Mother’s income | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.014* | 0.012 | 0.006*** | 0.006*** |
 | (0.019) | (0.017) | (0.018) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.002) | (0.002) |
Mother on welfare benefit | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.028 | −0.006 | −0.006 | 0.025*** | 0.018*** |
 | (0.037) | (0.033) | (0.033) | (0.023) | (0.022) | (0.008) | (0.007) |
Mother on other benefit | 0.020 | 0.028 | 0.033 | 0.060* | 0.050* | 0.012 | 0.009 |
 | (0.051) | (0.045) | (0.065) | (0.032) | (0.029) | (0.010) | (0.009) |
Mother Housewife | −0.001 | −0.008 | 0.008 | 0.079 | 0.075 | 0.039*** | 0.035*** |
 | (0.135) | (0.121) | (0.134) | (0.060) | (0.057) | (0.013) | (0.011) |
Mother not present | −0.151 | −0.148 | 0.090 | −0.036 | −0.030 | 0.009 | 0.007 |
 | (0.153) | (0.138) | (0.135) | (0.066) | (0.063) | (0.016) | (0.015) |
Father on welfare benefit | 0.009 | −0.009 | 0.044 | 0.044* | 0.029 | 0.013** | 0.005 |
 | (0.029) | (0.025) | (0.038) | (0.025) | (0.023) | (0.007) | (0.006) |
Father on other benefit | −0.083** | −0.101*** | −0.026 | −0.000 | −0.001 | 0.019*** | 0.019*** |
 | (0.035) | (0.032) | (0.050) | (0.022) | (0.020) | (0.006) | (0.006) |
Father not present | −0.014 | −0.037 | −0.001 | 0.011 | 0.014 | −0.010 | −0.004 |
 | (0.102) | (0.089) | (0.073) | (0.041) | (0.038) | (0.014) | (0.012) |
Constant | 4.737*** | 4.685*** | 4.877*** | 4.530*** | 4.526*** | 4.790*** | 4.803*** |
 | (0.243) | (0.217) | (0.197) | (0.116) | (0.111) | (0.028) | (0.026) |
Ln σ | −0.908*** | −1.288*** | −0.764*** | −0.801*** | −1.181*** | −0.977*** | −1.361*** |
 | (0.036) | (0.087) | (0.027) | (0.014) | (0.035) | (0.004) | (0.008) |
κ | −2.564*** | −1.024*** | −2.087*** | −1.520*** | −0.565*** | −1.476*** | −0.587*** |
 | (0.141) | (0.179) | (0.103) | (0.049) | (0.063) | (0.011) | (0.014) |
σ | 0.403*** | 0.276*** | 0.466 | 0.449*** | 0.307*** | 0.376*** | 0.256*** |
 | (0.015) | (0.024) | (0.012) | (0.006) | (0.011) | (0.001) | (0.002) |
Ln θ |  | 1.336*** |  |  | 0.798*** |  | 0.648*** |
 |  | (0.305) |  |  | (0.130) |  | (0.032) |
θ |  | 3.805*** |  |  | 2.222*** |  | 1.911*** |
 |  | (1.160) |  |  | (0.289) |  | (0.061) |
Log (pseudo) likelihood | −1266.94 | −1231.37 | −1889.83 | −4415.87 | −4284.20 | −42998.62 | −40590.70 |
Wald Χ2 | 165.19 | 181.42 | 261.10 | 609.49 | 681.93 | 9891.41 | 11533.65 |
N | 1660 | Â | 2431 | 5902 | Â | 65418 | Â |