From: Migration magnet: the role of work experience in rural–urban wage differentials
All OLS | All Heck | All OLS | All Heck | Rural OLS | Rural Heck | Urban OLS | Urban Heck | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | 0.130*** | 0.141*** | −0.003 | 0.007 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.044) | (0.053) | (0.179) | (0.169) | |||||
Exp × Urban | -- | -- | 0.000 | −0.000 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.012) | (0.010) | |||||||
Exp2 × Urban | -- | -- | 0.000 | 0.000 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.000) | (0.000) | |||||||
High edu × Urban | -- | -- | 0.008 | 0.004 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.080) | (0.080) | |||||||
Raven × Urban | -- | -- | 0.119 | 0.121 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.161) | (0.158) | |||||||
Experience | 0.023*** | 0.025*** | 0.022** | 0.024** | 0.020* | 0.018 | 0.022*** | 0.023*** |
(0.005) | (0.006) | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.006) | (0.007) | |
Experience2 | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000** | −0.000** | −0.000** | −0.000* | −0.000*** | −0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
High education | 0.301*** | 0.324*** | 0.297*** | 0.314*** | 0.224** | 0.176 | 0.297*** | 0.313*** |
(0.039) | (0.068) | (0.079) | (0.098) | (0.103) | (0.236) | (0.041) | (0.062) | |
Raven test | 0.231*** | 0.241*** | 0.143 | 0.147 | 0.116 | 0.098 | 0.266*** | 0.276*** |
(0.069) | (0.072) | (0.141) | (0.144) | (0.153) | (0.148) | (0.078) | (0.081) | |
Hrs/year | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Married | 0.024 | 0.014 | 0.024 | 0.018 | −0.052 | −0.044 | 0.031 | 0.022 |
(0.032) | (0.040) | (0.032) | (0.040) | (0.071) | (0.082) | (0.036) | (0.043) | |
Indigenous | −0.022 | −0.022 | −0.019 | −0.019 | −0.164 | −0.166 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
(0.056) | (0.058) | (0.056) | (0.058) | (0.143) | (0.110) | (0.071) | (0.069) | |
Female | −0.048 | −0.076 | −0.045 | −0.062 | 0.060 | 0.100 | −0.069 | −0.090 |
(0.039) | (0.078) | (0.039) | (0.079) | (0.081) | (0.203) | (0.044) | (0.074) | |
Hh head | 0.068* | 0.083 | 0.072* | 0.080 | 0.189** | 0.174* | 0.057 | 0.071 |
(0.040) | (0.056) | (0.040) | (0.056) | (0.085) | (0.099) | (0.047) | (0.061) | |
Hh size | −0.005 | −0.004 | −0.004 | −0.004 | 0.023*** | 0.023*** | −0.010** | −0.009** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
HDI health | −0.648 | −0.603 | −0.635 | −0.604 | −0.187 | −0.152 | −1.145 | −1.044 |
(0.635) | (0.595) | (0.638) | (0.595) | (1.044) | (0.913) | (0.877) | (0.904) | |
HDI education | −0.699 | −0.663 | −0.701 | −0.675 | −0.706 | −0.691 | 1.045 | 1.239 |
(0.690) | (0.748) | (0.680) | (0.753) | (0.950) | (0.952) | (1.600) | (1.657) | |
HDI income | 1.316** | 1.372** | 1.311** | 1.345** | 1.204 | 1.041 | 1.227 | 1.161 |
(0.557) | (0.544) | (0.551) | (0.543) | (1.314) | (1.239) | (0.842) | (0.842) | |
Direction of comp. | −1.113*** | −1.114** | −1.140*** | −1.140** | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.182) | (0.537) | (0.183) | (0.536) | |||||
Constant | 3.695*** | 3.482*** | 3.798*** | 3.663*** | 2.811*** | 3.030*** | 2.941*** | 2.662** |
(0.481) | (0.708) | (0.505) | (0.747) | (0.762) | (1.168) | (0.855) | (1.167) | |
Mills Lambda λ | -- | 0.056 | -- | 0.033 | -- | −0.066 | -- | 0.046 |
(0.138) | (0.140) | (0.293) | (0.136) | |||||
State dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Industry dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Occup. dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 1428 | 9446 | 1428 | 9446 | 299 | 3824 | 1129 | 5622 |
R2 | 0.484 | 0.486 | 0.597 | 0.485 |