From: The regional impact of cultural diversity on wages: evidence from Australia
Variables | Waves 1–11 | Wave 4–11 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Jackknife std. err. | Mean | Jackknife std. err. | |
Gender (female = 1; male = 0) | 0.523 | 0.043 | 0.523 | 0.053 |
Ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0) | 0.782 | 0.031 | 0.789 | 0.035 |
Geographic origin | ||||
 Australian | 0.759 | 0.026 | 0.767 | 0.032 |
 Indigenous | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.022 | 0.019 |
 Asia-Pacific | 0.111 | 0.044 | 0.109 | 0.046 |
 Europeans and North Americans | 0.068 | 0.029 | 0.063 | 0.030 |
 East Europeans | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.010 |
 Middle East, Africans, and Latin Americans | 0.034 | 0.013 | 0.033 | 0.014 |
Father’s ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0) | 0.614 | 0.044 | 0.618 | 0.055 |
Mother’s ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0) | 0.635 | 0.052 | 0.638 | 0.071 |
Marital status | ||||
 Married | 0.528 | 0.288 | 0.530 | 0.380 |
 Separated/divorced/widowed | 0.120 | 0.138 | 0.108 | 0.151 |
 Never married | 0.352 | 0.423 | 0.362 | 0.527 |
How well speaks English | ||||
 Not asked | 0.874 | 0.102 | 0.877 | 0.122 |
 Very well | 0.085 | 0.071 | 0.087 | 0.088 |
 Well | 0.060 | 0.041 | 0.055 | 0.038 |
 Not well | 0.032 | 0.068 | 0.026 | 0.082 |
Highest year of school achieved | ||||
 Postgrad—masters or doctorate | 0.040 | 0.035 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
 Grad diploma, grad certificate | 0.059 | 0.070 | 0.063 | 0.091 |
 Bachelor or honours | 0.165 | 0.066 | 0.170 | 0.085 |
 Adv. diploma, diploma | 0.096 | 0.052 | 0.095 | 0.060 |
 Cert III or IV | 0.210 | 0.080 | 0.219 | 0.113 |
 Cert I or II | 0.015 | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.008 |
 Cert not defined | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.009 |
 Year 12 | 0.184 | 0.151 | 0.182 | 0.221 |
 Year 11 and below | 0.227 | 0.150 | 0.208 | 0.169 |
State | ||||
 New South Wales | 0.304 | 0.086 | 0.300 | 0.094 |
 Victoria | 0.245 | 0.058 | 0.245 | 0.063 |
 Queensland | 0.217 | 0.030 | 0.220 | 0.032 |
 South Australia | 0.078 | 0.020 | 0.078 | 0.020 |
 Western Australia | 0.094 | 0.041 | 0.094 | 0.039 |
 Tasmania | 0.029 | 0.022 | 0.029 | 0.023 |
 Northern Territory | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.015 |
 Australia Capital Territory | 0.022 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.025 |
Section of state | ||||
 Major urban | 0.661 | 0.032 | 0.655 | 0.050 |
 Other urban | 0.220 | 0.038 | 0.222 | 0.050 |
 Bounded locality | 0.022 | 0.013 | 0.022 | 0.011 |
 Rural balance | 0.097 | 0.011 | 0.102 | 0.011 |
Observations (weighted) | 37,455 | Â | 25,231 | Â |
df | 54 | Â | 54 | Â |