The legacies of slavery in and out of Africa

Table 4 Slavery and income per capita, USA, 1970 to 2000

Estimation method: OLS	Dependent variable: per capita income
	2000	1990	1980	1970
Slaves/population 1860	−0.0249	−0.0335	−0.0418	−0.134***
	(−0.79)	(−1.12)	(−1.25)	(−4.34)
Observations	1960	1960	1959	1959
R-squared	0.21	0.27	0.26	0.39

Robust t statistics in parentheses. Additional controls: population density in 1860, dummies for North East, South Atlantic, and slave states. The source of the dataset is Bertocchi and Dimico (2010)
***p < 0.01