Table 1 Foreign aid and migration selection
SELECTION RATE | SKILLED MIGRATION | UNSKILLED MIGRATION | TOTAL MIGRATION | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE | IV | FE | IV | GMM | FE | IV | GMM | FE | IV | GMM | |
ODA/GDP | 0.85 | 3.09∗∗∗ | 2.17∗∗ | 6.94∗∗∗ | 5.30∗∗ | 0.4 | 2.54∗ | 4.46∗∗ | 0.77 | 4.28∗∗∗ | 2.88∗∗ |
(0.75) | (0.96) | (1.06) | (2.13) | (2.21) | (1.15) | (1.48) | (1.68) | (0.79) | (1.49) | (1.32) | |
Lag Dependent variable | 0.48∗∗∗ | 0.78∗∗∗ | 0.66∗∗ | ||||||||
(0.09) | (0.07) | (0.28) | |||||||||
Lag Migrants | -0.25∗∗∗ | -0.27∗∗∗ | 0.49∗∗∗ | 0.44∗∗∗ | 0.46∗∗∗ | 0.94∗∗∗ | 0.96∗∗∗ | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.73∗∗∗ | 0.70∗∗∗ | 0.32 |
(0.07) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.08) | (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.07) | (0.08) | (0.09) | (0.28) | |
Education | -1.03∗∗∗ | -0.99∗∗∗ | -0.86∗∗∗ | -0.79∗∗∗ | -0.36∗∗∗ | -0.34∗∗∗ | -0.37∗∗∗ | 0.03 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.05 |
(0.08) | (0.07) | (0.11) | (0.12) | (0.09) | (0.09) | (0.09) | (0.09) | (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.04) | |
Population | 0.67∗∗∗ | 0.49∗ | -0.49 | -0.34 | -0.42∗∗∗ | -1.46∗∗∗ | -1.39∗∗∗ | -0.22∗∗∗ | -0.94∗∗∗ | -0.75∗∗∗ | -0.31 |
(0.22) | (0.25) | (0.30) | (0.33) | (0.09) | (0.43) | (0.44) | (0.07) | (0.23) | (0.22) | (0.29) | |
Real GDP pc | 0.37 | 0.52 | 1.91∗∗ | 3.27∗∗∗ | 3.46∗∗∗ | -0.31 | 1.26 | -0.89 | 0.65 | 1.14 | -1.28∗ |
(0.52) | (1.00) | (0.83) | (0.97) | (1.16) | (1.06) | (1.62) | (0.80) | (0.55) | (0.75) | (0.67) | |
Real GDP pc² | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.14∗∗∗ | -0.22∗∗∗ | 0.21∗∗∗ | 0.01 | -0.08 | 0.04∗∗∗ | -0.05 | -0.08∗ | 0.08∗ |
(0.03) | (0.06) | (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.07) | (0.07) | (0.10) | (0.05) | (0.03) | (0.04) | (0.04) | |
Freedom H | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06∗∗ | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02∗ | 0.04∗∗∗ | 0.02∗ |
(0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | |
R-squared | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.5 | 0.74 | |||||||
Kl-Paap rk LM | 9.53∗∗∗ | 9.10∗∗∗ | 9.62∗∗∗ | 9.10∗∗∗ | |||||||
Hansen J | 1.45 | 1.04 | 62.07 | 0.21 | 53.22 | 1.01 | 61.82 | ||||
Kl-Paap rk F | 23.37 | 29.94 | 25.22 | 29.94 | |||||||
AR(1) test | -2.73∗∗∗ | -3.01∗∗∗ | -2.41∗∗∗ | ||||||||
Hansen C levels | 25.8 | 23.19 | 28.58 | ||||||||
AR(2) test | -0.55 | 0.17 | 0.37 | ||||||||
Observations | 358 | 303 | 386 | 331 | 386 | 381 | 326 | 356 | 386 | 331 | 386 |
Number of countries | 77 | 66 | 86 | 75 | 86 | 85 | 74 | 75 | 86 | 75 | 86 |