Table 3 Determinants of the decision to naturalise, multinomial probit marginal effects
From: From immigrants to (non-)citizens: political economy of naturalisations in Latvia
Not willing to naturalise | Plans to naturalise in the future | Naturalised less than 5 years ago or currently naturalising | Naturalised more than 5 years ago | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.014*** | −0.008*** | −0.006*** | 0.000 |
(0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Male | 0.101** | −0.020 | −0.103*** | 0.022 |
(0.043) | (0.049) | (0.022) | (0.036) | |
Married | −0.117*** | 0.051 | 0.021 | 0.045 |
(0.042) | (0.031) | (0.016) | (0.046) | |
Has a child under 18 | 0.029 | 0.022 | −0.011 | −0.040 |
(0.089) | (0.033) | (0.057) | (0.039) | |
Unemployed | −0.128 | −0.098 | 0.102 | 0.125 |
(0.099) | (0.074) | (0.101) | (0.118) | |
Works in public sector | −0.084 | −0.062 | 0.041 | 0.105** |
(0.084) | (0.066) | (0.032) | (0.048) | |
Lives in rural area | −0.007 | 0.048 | 0.057 | −0.097 |
(0.084) | (0.093) | (0.088) | (0.081) | |
Low income | 0.090 | −0.011 | −0.015 | −0.064 |
(0.060) | (0.037) | (0.021) | (0.053) | |
Non-reported income | 0.146* | −0.075 | −0.047** | −0.023 |
(0.078) | (0.059) | (0.019) | (0.038) | |
Years of education | −0.019** | −0.001 | 0.011* | 0.009 |
(0.009) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.008) | |
Good knowledge of Latvian | −0.209*** | −0.212*** | −0.017 | 0.439*** |
(0.061) | (0.037) | (0.047) | (0.075) | |
Poor knowledge of Latvian | 0.388*** | 0.019 | −0.132*** | −0.274*** |
(0.043) | (0.043) | (0.037) | (0.034) | |
Former migrant | 0.140** | −0.040 | 0.029 | −0.130*** |
(0.071) | (0.074) | (0.030) | (0.047) | |
Likely to migrate | 0.022 | 0.041 | −0.104** | 0.041 |
(0.042) | (0.044) | (0.044) | (0.056) | |
Municipality unempl. rate 2007 | −0.019 | 0.006 | −0.020 | 0.033*** |
(0.017) | (0.015) | (0.012) | (0.010) | |
Municipality share of non-citizens 2007 | −0.002 | 0.001 | 0.017*** | −0.016** |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | |
Pieriga province | −0.013 | −0.111*** | 0.211*** | −0.086 |
(0.064) | (0.040) | (0.049) | (0.062) | |
Vidzeme province | −0.208** | −0.146* | 0.492*** | −0.137 |
(0.099) | (0.084) | (0.161) | (0.096) | |
Kurzeme province | −0.055 | 0.087* | 0.183*** | −0.215*** |
(0.042) | (0.048) | (0.064) | (0.023) | |
Zemgale province | −0.051 | −0.124** | 0.313** | −0.138 |
(0.090) | (0.057) | (0.132) | (0.085) | |
Latgale province | 0.101** | 0.010 | 0.083** | −0.194*** |
(0.051) | (0.037) | (0.039) | (0.052) |