Do immigrants squeeze natives out of bad schedules? Evidence from Italy

Table 1 Effects of immigrants on natives working schedules

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
LS, log (Foreign Population)	‐0.019***	‐0.017***	‐0.016**	‐0.016***	‐0.013***	‐0.013***
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.007)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.005)
2SLS, log (Foreign Population)	‐0.016***	‐0.014***	‐0.026**	‐0.020***	‐0.016***	‐0.016***
	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.013)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)
log (Total Population)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Individual & household characteristics	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Trimester FE	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year FE	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Region FE	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Region‐Year FE	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sector	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Province Characteristics as of 1995	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Occupation	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Past non‐standard schedule as of 1994	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Observations	684,530	684,530	684,530	684,530	684,530	684,530
Mean of Dep. Var.	0.28
Standard errors in parentheses
* p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1

Notes: The sample considered is the overall working age population (15‐64) employed at the time of the interview. All the estimates are weighted using the weights provided in the LFS. The dependent variable is the probability of working at non‐standard hours. The measure of immigrant concentration is the logarithm of foreign population (mean 9.78, s.d. 1.08) as defined in the Data Section. Standard errors are clustered at the province level. The data sources are LFS (2006‐2008 and 1994), Municipal Records (2006‐2008), ISTAT Province Accounts (1995) and Minister of Interior for Residence Permits issued at the province level as of 1995.