Do immigrants squeeze natives out of bad schedules? Evidence from Italy

Table 4 Immigrants and nonstandard hours, by subgroups, 2SLS

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Dependent Variable:	Overall	Men	Women	Under 25	25‐54	Over 54	Low‐Skilled	High‐Skilled
Non‐Standard Hours	‐0.020***	‐0.021***	‐0.019***	‐0.015	‐0.021***	‐0.018**	‐0.024***	‐0.010
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.010)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.011)
Observations	684,530	406,111	278,419	44,860	554,563	85,107	580,925	103,605
Mean of Dep. Var.	0.28	0.31	0.24	0.29	0.28	0.25	0.28	0.27
log (hours worked)	0.009	0.006	0.010	0.004	0.010	0.007	0.009	0.001
	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)	(0.018)	(0.007)	(0.011)	(0.008)	(0.014)
Observations	631,040	379,994	251,046	42,686	510,541	77,813	537,473	93,567
Mean of Dep. Var.	0.56	0.67	0.44	0.23	0.72	0.32	0.53	0.78
Employment Rate	0.018**	0.012	0.025***	0.007	0.018**	0.027**	0.021**	0.001
	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.008)	(0.012)	(0.009)	(0.011)
Observations	1,230,660	603,958	626,702	195,566	770,163	264,931	1,096,776	133,884
Mean of Dep. Var.	3.59	3.70	3.43	3.57	3.60	3.57	3.61	3.52
Standard errors in parentheses
* p<0.01, p<0.05, * p<0.1

Notes: The sample considered in the first is the overall working age population (15‐64) employed at the time of the interview when we analyze the effect of immigration on non‐standard hours and hours worked. The sample is the overall working age population when we analyze the effect on employment rate. All the specifications use the baseline model as specified in col. 4 of Table 1. Standard errors are clustered at the province level. The data sources are LFS (2006‐2008), Municipal Records (2006‐2008), ISTAT Province Accounts (1995) and Minister of Interior for Residence Permits issued at the province level as of 1995.