From the bottom to the top: a more complete picture of the immigrant-native wage gap in Britain

Table 5 OLS estimates for logarithmic gross hourly wages by language of origin group, 1997-2009

	All immigrants	English-speaking immigrants	Non-English-speaking immigrants
Non-white	−0.187***	−0.253***	−0.153***
	(0.008)	(0.020)	(0.008)
Years since immigrated	0.005***	0.000	0.010***
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.001)
English-speaking country	0.138***
	(0.009)
Cohort of entry (< 1955 omitted)
1956-1985	0.050**	0.059	0.091***
	(0.020)	(0.036)	(0.024)
1986-2009	0.048	0.116**	0.128***
	(0.031)	(0.049)	(0.034)
Years of education	0.056***	0.074***	0.051***
	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)
Potential work experience	0.036***	0.050***	0.028***
	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)
Potential work experience sqd/100	−0.001***	−0.001***	−0.001***
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Married	0.067***	0.057***	0.061***
	(0.008)	(0.016)	(0.009)
Full-time	0.265***	0.234***	0.270***
	(0.013)	(0.032)	(0.014)
Constant	0.485***	0.391***	0.452***
	(0.059)	(0.012)	(0.067)
Observations	24,465	5,696	18,769
R ²	0.39	0.41	0.38

Standard errors in parentheses. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.10. Regional and year dummies are included in all models (the North and 1993 omitted).