The earnings of immigrants and the quality adjustment of immigrant human capital

Table 1 Descriptive statistics (Mean)

Variable	Whole population	Natives	Immigrants
Age	40.37	39.67	45.81
Potential experience	20.7	20.15	25.14
Years of schooling	13.66	13.52	14.66
Wages & salaries	43,322.85	43,694	40,439
Single	32.63	35.68	9.64
Separated	10.78	11.19	7.89
Married	56.07	52.63	81.85
New found land	1.78	2	0.17
Prince Edward	0.48	0.54	0.05
Nova Scotia	3.11	3.46	0.59
New Brunswick	2.69	3.01	0.32
Quebec	25.53	27.20	13.18
Ontario	36.26	33.33	57.72
Saskatchewan	3.06	3.39	0.69
Alberta	11.16	11.52	8.51
British Columbia	11.93	11.33	16.28
Manitoba	3.67	3.86	2.35
English/French is mother tongue	87.54	95.82	27.83
Working in unskilled occupations	74.56	75.44	68.69
Immigration period 1990-2001			53.88
Immigration period 1980-1989			22.80
Immigration period 1970-1979			17.57
Immigration period 1960-1969			5.76
Observations	5,797,356	5,117,249	680,107

Source: Canadian 2001 census. With the exception of age, years of schooling, wages & salaries and potential total experience which are continuous variables, the mean of all other variables represent the percentage of individuals belonging to each sub-category. All statistics are weighted using the sampling weights available in the census.