The effects of active labour market policies for immigrants receiving social assistance in Denmark

Heinesen, Eskil; Husted, Leif; Rosholm, Michael

doi:10.1186/2193-9039-2-15

Table 5 Means of controls for females by participation in ALMPs and two-sample t test statistics of equality with the non-participation group

From: The effects of active labour market policies for immigrants receiving social assistance in Denmark

	No ALMP	Wage subsidy		Direct employment		Other ALMPs
Variable	mean	mean	t	mean	t	mean	t
Years since migration: 5-9	0.258	0.236	−1.20	0.255	−0.31	0.220	−6.81
Years since migration: 10-19	0.192	0.222	1.68	0.189	−0.32	0.154	−7.78
Years since migration: 20-	0.174	0.147	−1.81	0.162	−1.56	0.149	−5.11
From Turkey	0.155	0.144	−0.77	0.139	−2.34	0.147	−1.77
From Europe (except former Yugoslavia)	0.091	0.084	−0.52	0.109	2.98	0.082	−2.30
From Africa (except Somalia)	0.074	0.045	−3.18	0.054	−4.37	0.070	−1.16
From Somalia	0.083	0.036	−5.92	0.068	−3.06	0.140	13.06
From American countries	0.023	0.018	−0.97	0.017	−2.32	0.018	−3.15
From Afghanistan	0.017	0.012	−1.09	0.018	0.46	0.024	3.73
From Iraq	0.068	0.044	−2.70	0.058	−2.21	0.103	9.17
From Iran	0.053	0.045	−0.80	0.047	−1.31	0.044	−3.03
From Sri Lanka	0.038	0.054	1.62	0.055	3.68	0.024	−6.46
From other Asian countries	0.093	0.150	3.78	0.083	−1.82	0.074	−5.38
From Pakistan	0.049	0.015	−6.39	0.029	−5.76	0.037	−4.41
From Libanon	0.058	0.037	−2.61	0.055	−0.73	0.066	2.41
From other countries	0.041	0.029	−1.69	0.037	−1.04	0.046	2.18
Family reunified to a refugee	0.120	0.072	−4.33	0.078	−7.59	0.169	10.52
Family reunified to non-refugee	0.175	0.149	−1.73	0.139	−5.19	0.167	−1.69
EU residence permit	0.036	0.019	−2.84	0.020	−5.20	0.038	0.92
Unknown type of residence permit	0.334	0.325	−0.43	0.297	−4.04	0.268	−11.06
Age 16-24	0.213	0.232	1.06	0.255	4.85	0.205	−1.54
Age 25-34	0.393	0.404	0.55	0.370	−2.31	0.428	5.49
Age 35-44	0.261	0.273	0.65	0.283	2.49	0.264	0.57
Children 3–6 years of age	0.188	0.191	0.20	0.211	2.91	0.204	3.20
Children 7–17 years of age	0.204	0.283	4.15	0.222	2.24	0.197	−1.30
No children	0.338	0.334	−0.17	0.329	−0.97	0.274	−10.78
Single	0.329	0.348	0.93	0.357	2.96	0.325	−0.70
Working experience up to 1 year	0.245	0.425	8.62	0.223	−2.64	0.159	−16.97
Working experience 1–3 years	0.126	0.156	1.98	0.100	−4.22	0.078	−12.46
Working experience 3 years or more	0.072	0.065	−0.67	0.046	−6.08	0.049	−7.95
Lives in provincial town municipality	0.327	0.549	10.51	0.491	16.70	0.317	−1.62
Lives in a rural district	0.114	0.146	2.12	0.186	9.54	0.085	−7.59
Danish education	0.176	0.228	2.93	0.221	5.60	0.118	−12.86
Years of Danish education	1.815	2.313	2.72	2.225	4.95	1.167	−14.21
Foreign education	0.334	0.340	0.31	0.360	2.83	0.374	6.45
Years of foreign education	3.755	3.803	0.21	4.063	2.74	4.121	4.91
No visits to doctors	0.142	0.101	−3.20	0.143	0.03	0.175	6.77
5-9 visits to doctors	0.274	0.287	0.68	0.262	−1.37	0.260	−2.33
10-19 visits to doctors	0.222	0.208	−0.81	0.217	−0.63	0.216	−1.13
20 or more visits to doctors	0.080	0.045	−3.85	0.074	−1.10	0.069	−3.15
Local unemployment rate x 10	0.619	0.634	2.27	0.628	2.96	0.624	2.56
Social assistance spell began 1998	0.187	0.161	−1.63	0.201	1.74	0.203	2.98
Social assistance spell began 1999	0.169	0.211	2.44	0.200	3.91	0.190	4.11
Social assistance spell began 2000	0.110	0.122	0.91	0.115	0.80	0.107	−0.64
Social assistance spell began 2001	0.111	0.075	−3.24	0.106	−0.94	0.104	−1.73
Social assistance spell began 2002	0.103	0.090	−1.06	0.096	−1.15	0.087	−4.04
Social assistance spell began 2003	0.103	0.045	−6.39	0.060	−8.88	0.073	−8.17

Note. The columns denoted t show the two-sample t test statistics of equal means between spells characterized by participation in each of the three types of ALMPs and spells without ALMP participation.

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