From: The effects of active labour market policies for immigrants receiving social assistance in Denmark
 |   No ALMP |   Wage subsidy |  Direct employment |   Other ALMPs | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable |    mean |      mean |     t |   mean |   t |        mean |      t |
Years since migration: 5-9 | 0.238 | 0.209 | −2.47 | 0.229 | −1.16 | 0.219 | −3.56 |
Years since migration: 10-19 | 0.245 | 0.226 | −1.62 | 0.233 | −1.65 | 0.210 | −6.65 |
Years since migration: 20- | 0.180 | 0.164 | −1.51 | 0.178 | −0.33 | 0.167 | −2.67 |
From Turkey | 0.119 | 0.138 | 1.94 | 0.111 | −1.40 | 0.097 | −5.60 |
From Europe (except former Yugoslavia) | 0.078 | 0.089 | 1.36 | 0.116 | 7.02 | 0.078 | −0.09 |
From Africa (except Somalia) | 0.085 | 0.063 | −3.16 | 0.056 | −7.01 | 0.084 | −0.11 |
From Somalia | 0.110 | 0.072 | −5.24 | 0.101 | −1.74 | 0.164 | 11.86 |
From American countries | 0.017 | 0.012 | −1.79 | 0.016 | −0.45 | 0.018 | 0.36 |
From Afghanistan | 0.021 | 0.021 | 0.05 | 0.021 | 0.28 | 0.029 | 3.95 |
From Iraq | 0.110 | 0.087 | −2.94 | 0.105 | −0.97 | 0.152 | 9.43 |
From Iran | 0.067 | 0.065 | −0.23 | 0.056 | −2.57 | 0.055 | −3.81 |
From Sri Lanka | 0.027 | 0.021 | −1.45 | 0.038 | 3.53 | 0.013 | −8.71 |
From other Asian countries | 0.047 | 0.033 | −2.76 | 0.049 | 0.45 | 0.035 | −4.77 |
From Pakistan | 0.040 | 0.023 | −3.95 | 0.025 | −4.97 | 0.036 | −1.67 |
From Libanon | 0.087 | 0.091 | 0.53 | 0.092 | 1.13 | 0.084 | −0.87 |
From other countries | 0.043 | 0.038 | −0.88 | 0.040 | −0.93 | 0.045 | 0.80 |
Family reunified to a refugee | 0.041 | 0.041 | 0.05 | 0.044 | 0.87 | 0.053 | 4.56 |
Family reunified to non-refugee | 0.104 | 0.095 | −1.12 | 0.075 | −6.28 | 0.093 | −3.09 |
EU residence permit | 0.021 | 0.015 | −1.92 | 0.013 | −4.15 | 0.020 | −0.78 |
Unknown type of residence permit | 0.355 | 0.312 | −3.28 | 0.345 | −1.13 | 0.311 | −7.40 |
Age 16-24 | 0.195 | 0.216 | 1.78 | 0.203 | 1.13 | 0.159 | −7.63 |
Age 25-34 | 0.371 | 0.380 | 0.68 | 0.367 | −0.50 | 0.402 | 4.96 |
Age 35-44 | 0.303 | 0.317 | 1.06 | 0.320 | 2.13 | 0.319 | 2.69 |
Children 3–6 years of age | 0.120 | 0.125 | 0.52 | 0.131 | 1.86 | 0.122 | 0.62 |
Children 7–17 years of age | 0.122 | 0.148 | 2.66 | 0.133 | 1.87 | 0.121 | −0.24 |
No children | 0.543 | 0.522 | −1.55 | 0.503 | −4.59 | 0.506 | −5.82 |
Single | 0.430 | 0.417 | −0.92 | 0.421 | −0.99 | 0.403 | −4.29 |
Working experience up to 1 year | 0.291 | 0.397 | 7.72 | 0.267 | −3.04 | 0.228 | −11.35 |
Working experience 1–3 years | 0.189 | 0.191 | 0.18 | 0.156 | −5.14 | 0.139 | −10.95 |
Working experience 3 years or more | 0.129 | 0.129 | −0.07 | 0.107 | −4.09 | 0.095 | −8.71 |
Lives in provincial town municipality | 0.321 | 0.474 | 10.85 | 0.464 | 16.62 | 0.258 | −10.99 |
Lives in a rural district | 0.096 | 0.133 | 3.80 | 0.155 | 9.49 | 0.068 | −8.35 |
Danish education | 0.231 | 0.217 | −1.16 | 0.228 | −0.31 | 0.173 | −11.62 |
Years of Danish education | 2.352 | 2.202 | −1.24 | 2.265 | −1.17 | 1.735 | −12.00 |
Foreign education | 0.316 | 0.335 | 1.44 | 0.323 | 0.86 | 0.350 | 5.63 |
Years of foreign education | 3.850 | 4.243 | 2.25 | 3.900 | 0.48 | 4.254 | 5.24 |
No visits to doctors | 0.237 | 0.265 | 2.23 | 0.224 | −1.78 | 0.255 | 3.24 |
5-9 visits to doctors | 0.207 | 0.204 | −0.29 | 0.206 | −0.16 | 0.207 | 0.02 |
10-19 visits to doctors | 0.111 | 0.083 | −3.47 | 0.116 | 0.93 | 0.099 | −3.03 |
20 or more visits to doctors | 0.028 | 0.017 | −2.72 | 0.021 | −2.72 | 0.021 | −3.36 |
Local unemployment rate x 10 | 0.620 | 0.643 | 5.10 | 0.635 | 5.34 | 0.619 | −0.49 |
Social assistance spell began 1998 | 0.188 | 0.201 | 1.18 | 0.221 | 4.61 | 0.201 | 2.62 |
Social assistance spell began 1999 | 0.178 | 0.227 | 4.16 | 0.207 | 4.15 | 0.216 | 7.41 |
Social assistance spell began 2000 | 0.112 | 0.091 | −2.50 | 0.112 | 0.00 | 0.113 | 0.42 |
Social assistance spell began 2001 | 0.108 | 0.080 | −3.60 | 0.099 | −1.75 | 0.104 | −1.18 |
Social assistance spell began 2002 | 0.101 | 0.070 | −4.25 | 0.088 | −2.70 | 0.083 | −5.04 |
Social assistance spell began 2003 | 0.091 | 0.045 | −7.68 | 0.049 | −10.54 | 0.066 | −7.64 |