Crime and immigration: new evidence from England and Wales

Table 9 Changes in Crime and Immigration by Crime Types

	Dependent variable: change in crime rate
	Annual Population Survey, 2004/5-2010/11
	Total crime	Violent crime	Property crime
	IV	IV	IV
	(1)	(2)	(3)
A. England and Wales
Change in immigrant share	0.007 (0.078)	-0.010 (0.021)	0.017 (0.062)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes
Police force area fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sample size	347	347	347
B. London
Change in immigrant share	0.120 (0.088)	0.011 (0.019)	0.109 (0.077)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes
Police force area fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sample size	33	33	33

Notes: As for Table 4. Total crime is the sum of Property and Violent Crime. Property Crimes include burglary, theft and criminal damage, while Violent Crimes include violence against the person and robbery. Crime rates are obtained dividing the crime counts by total population from the APS.