Return migration and the age profile of retirement among immigrants

Table 1 Emigration rates, age distribution, years in Australia and percent retired by gender and country of birth

	All immigrants	Italy	Netherlands	Germany	India	Vietnam	UK	China	New Zealand	Hong Kong
Emigration rate	0.020	0.005	0.009	0.010	0.011	0.014	0.018	0.050	0.065	0.090
Men
Mean age	60.5	63.9	62.8	63.1	55.9	54.4	62.0	56.0	54.5	54.5
Mean age	(0.17)	(0.63)	(0.67)	(0.58)	(1.20)	(0.86)	(0.28)	(1.41)	(0.49)	(1.34)
Mean years in Australia	34.3	43.8	43.5	43.6	24.7	17.4	37.3	14.2	28.5	19.3
Mean years in Australia	(0.24)	(0.56)	(0.72)	(0.80)	(1.37)	(0.69)	(0.40)	(1.37)	(0.81)	(1.70)
Percent retired	0.426	0.582	0.538	0.485	0.218	0.350	0.452	0.224	0.123	0.242
	(0.008)	(0.031)	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.047)	(0.054)	(0.013)	(0.060)	(0.021)	(0.076)
Percent retired age >64	0.907	0.959	0.847	0.784	NA	NA	0.934	NA	0.581	NA
Percent retired age >64	(0.008)	(0.018)	(0.039)	(0.044)			(0.010)		(0.090)
Observations	4,055	251	199	198	78	80	1,541	49	253	33
Individuals	1,122	70	49	51	24	29	391	16	72	11
Percent of immigrants		6%	4%	5%	2%	3%	35%	1%	6%	1%
Women
Mean age	60.0	61.1	62.0	61.6	60.5	51.4	61.9	59.9	57.7	54.4
Mean age	(0.18)	(0.68)	(0.77)	(0.76)	(1.28)	(0.56)	(0.30)	(1.23)	(0.58)	(1.77)
Mean years in Australia	34.9	42.4	45.4	46.0	30.3	17.1	37.3	18.0	27.7	29.8
Mean years in Australia	(0.24)	(0.55)	(0.69)	(0.85)	(1.69)	(0.90)	(0.35)	(1.77)	(0.93)	(4.43)
Percent retired	0.515	0.712	0.583	0.497	0.563	0.292	0.578	0.655	0.353	NA
	(0.008)	(0.034)	(0.038)	(0.037)	(0.056)	(0.057)	(0.013)	(0.063)	(0.030)
Percent retired age >59	0.889	0.941	0.882	0.872	NA	NA	0.894	NA	0.804	NA
Percent retired age >59	(0.008)	(0.024)	(0.034)	(0.038)			(0.011)		(0.042)
Observations	3,743	177	168	181	80	65	1,441	58	255	18
Individuals	1,032	54	42	44	23	25	364	23	73	6
Percent of immigrants		5%	4%	4%	2%	2%	35%	2%	7%	1%

Note: See the paper for further information about how the sample is created and variables are defined. NA are cells with too few observations to give an accurate estimate.