Return migration and the age profile of retirement among immigrants

Table 3 Probit model of likelihood of being retired by gender and age (marginal effects and standard errors)

	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Men
Log emigration rate at retirement age (Age 65)	-0.127**	-0.064	-0.094**
Log emigration rate at retirement age (Age 65)	(0.038)	(0.041)	(0.034)
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\|	0.009**
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\|	(0.003)
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\| if age < 65		-0.003
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\| if age < 65		(0.005)
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\| if age > 65		0.027**
Log emigration rate * \|age-65\| if age > 65		(0.004)
Log emigration rate * (2 < \|age-65\| < 5)			0.023**
Log emigration rate * (2 < \|age-65\| < 5)			(0.007)
Log emigration rate * (\|age-65\| > 5)			0.054**
			(0.010)
P-Value on test of symmetric age effect		0.000
Pseudo R-squared	0.599	0.605	0.600
Observations	4,055	4,055	4,055
	Women
Log emigration rate at retirement age (Age 63)	-0.084*	-0.061	-0.053
Log emigration rate at retirement age (Age 63)	(0.036)	(0.041)	(0.036)
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\|	0.007**
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\|	(0.002)
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\| if age < 63		0.003
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\| if age < 63		(0.003)
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\| if age > 63		0.016**
Log emigration rate * \|age-63\| if age > 63		(0.005)
Log emigration rate * (2 < \|age-63\| < 5)			0.011
Log emigration rate * (2 < \|age-63\| < 5)			(0.011)
Log emigration rate * (\|age-63\| > 5)			0.037**
			(0.011)
P-Value on test of symmetric age effect		0.041
Pseudo R-squared	0.587	0.588	0.588
Observations	3,743	3,743	3,743

Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses that allow for clustering for at the disaggregate country level which includes accounting for clustering of individuals across time. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, + p < 0.1. All regressions include controls for individual and household characteristics and the year of observation.