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Table 2 Major religions among natives and first-generation immigrants in European countries and the United States, 2002-2010

From: Bridges or buffers? Motives behind Immigrants’ Religiosity

 

Natives

First-generation immigrants

Country

First largest religion

Second largest religion

First largest religion

Second largest religion

Austria

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Islam

Belgium

Catholic

Other-Christian

Catholic

Islam

Bulgaria

Orthodox

Islam

Orthodox

Islam

Croatia

Catholic

Orthodox

Catholic

Orthodox

Cyprus

Orthodox

Catholic

Orthodox

Catholic

The Czech Rep.

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Other-Christian

Denmark

Protestant

Other-Christian

Islam

Protestant

Estonia

Protestant

Orthodox

Orthodox

Catholic

Finland

Protestant

Other-Christian

Protestant

Orthodox

France

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Islam

Germany

Protestant

Catholic

Catholic

Islam

Greece

Orthodox

Islam

Orthodox

Islam

Hungary

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Protestant

Ireland

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Protestant

Italy

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Islam

Latvia

Catholic

Protestant

Orthodox

Catholic

Luxembourg

Catholic

Other-Christian

Catholic

Other-Christian

The Netherlands

Catholic

Protestant

Islam

Catholic

Norway

Protestant

Other Christian

Islam

Protestant

Poland

Catholic

Orthodox

Catholic

Islam

Portugal

Catholic

Other-Christian

Catholic

Other-Christian

Russia

Orthodox

Islam

Orthodox

Islam

Slovakia

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Protestant

Slovenia

Catholic

Protestant

Catholic

Orthodox

Spain

Catholic

Other-Christian

Catholic

Islam

Sweden

Protestant

Other-Christian

Islam

Protestant

Switzerland

Protestant

Catholic

Catholic

Protestant

Ukraine

Orthodox

Catholic

Orthodox

Islam

United Kingdom

Protestant

Catholic

Catholic

Islam

United States

Evangelical- Protestant

Catholic

Catholic

Evangelical-Protestant

  1. Source: ESS and GSS, waves 2002-2010.
  2. Note: Catholic refers to ‘Roman Catholic’. ‘Other-Christian’ is a Christian denomination other than Catholic, Protestant or Orthodox.