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Table 4 Estimates of the conditional probability of completing a degree by ethnic group

From: Ethnic disparities in higher education

Variable

Mediterranean

Caribbean

Western

Dutch

 

Without

With UH

Without

Without

With UH

Without

With UH

Woman

−0.091***

−0.061***

−0.074***

−0.113***

−0.098***

−0.113***

−0.099***

 

(0.023)

(0.021)

(0.022)

(0.013)

(0.012)

(0.003)

(0.003)

Age

−0.029***

−0.024***

−0.033***

−0.025***

−0.025***

−0.038***

−0.039***

 

(0.008)

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Second generation

−0.073**

−0.055**

−0.076***

0.102***

0.083***

  
 

(0.029)

(0.026)

(0.027)

(0.027)

(0.025)

  

WO-start

0.157***

0.171***

0.259***

0.230***

0.236***

0.265***

0.260***

 

(0.048)

(0.043)

(0.037)

(0.019)

(0.017)

(0.005)

(0.004)

Switched HBO to WO

−0.046

−0.020

−0.063**

−0.004

0.011

0.065***

0.066***

 

(0.033)

(0.028)

(0.031)

(0.022)

(0.019)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Preliminary Training: VWO

0.042

0.036

−0.110***

−0.057***

−0.046***

−0.022***

−0.012***

 

(0.046)

(0.040)

(0.034)

(0.019)

(0.017)

(0.005)

(0.004)

Preliminary Training: MBO

−0.042

−0.059**

−0.103***

−0.077***

−0.089***

−0.070***

−0.076***

 

(0.030)

(0.027)

(0.027)

(0.019)

(0.018)

(0.004)

(0.004)

Preliminary Training: Other

0.210***

0.184***

−0.261***

−0.046

−0.042

−0.040**

−0.031**

 

(0.051)

(0.047)

(0.060)

(0.030)

(0.028)

(0.017)

(0.016)

Education

0.028

0.009

−0.019

0.034

0.017

0.029***

0.015**

 

(0.070)

(0.061)

(0.055)

(0.029)

(0.027)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Humanities

−0.117

−0.133

0.070

−0.012

−0.010

0.073***

0.061***

 

(0.091)

(0.082)

(0.066)

(0.028)

(0.026)

(0.008)

(0.007)

Economics & Law

−0.015

−0.010

−0.037

0.026

0.017

−0.016**

−0.018***

 

(0.062)

(0.055)

(0.047)

(0.024)

(0.022)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Natural Sciences

−0.118*

−0.100*

−0.053

−0.018

−0.014

−0.032***

−0.030***

 

(0.067)

(0.060)

(0.051)

(0.026)

(0.024)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Health & Social Services

−0.076

−0.090

−0.205***

−0.137***

−0.123***

−0.104***

−0.099***

 

(0.065)

(0.058)

(0.049)

(0.025)

(0.023)

(0.007)

(0.006)

# children living with mother

0.005

0.005

0.021**

−0.007

−0.009

−0.011***

−0.011***

 

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.010)

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Parents living together

−0.062

−0.045

−0.031

−0.055***

−0.043**

−0.060***

−0.048***

 

(0.040)

(0.036)

(0.030)

(0.018)

(0.017)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Mother widowed

−0.087

−0.105

−0.133

−0.083*

−0.075*

−0.068***

−0.062***

 

(0.078)

(0.072)

(0.081)

(0.045)

(0.041)

(0.015)

(0.014)

Log Father’s income

−0.004

−0.006

−0.004

−0.002

−0.001

−0.002*

−0.001

 

(0.011)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Log Mother’s income

0.008

0.006

0.005

0.014*

0.012

0.006***

0.006***

 

(0.019)

(0.017)

(0.018)

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Mother on welfare benefit

0.018

0.011

0.028

−0.006

−0.006

0.025***

0.018***

 

(0.037)

(0.033)

(0.033)

(0.023)

(0.022)

(0.008)

(0.007)

Mother on other benefit

0.020

0.028

0.033

0.060*

0.050*

0.012

0.009

 

(0.051)

(0.045)

(0.065)

(0.032)

(0.029)

(0.010)

(0.009)

Mother Housewife

−0.001

−0.008

0.008

0.079

0.075

0.039***

0.035***

 

(0.135)

(0.121)

(0.134)

(0.060)

(0.057)

(0.013)

(0.011)

Mother not present

−0.151

−0.148

0.090

−0.036

−0.030

0.009

0.007

 

(0.153)

(0.138)

(0.135)

(0.066)

(0.063)

(0.016)

(0.015)

Father on welfare benefit

0.009

−0.009

0.044

0.044*

0.029

0.013**

0.005

 

(0.029)

(0.025)

(0.038)

(0.025)

(0.023)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Father on other benefit

−0.083**

−0.101***

−0.026

−0.000

−0.001

0.019***

0.019***

 

(0.035)

(0.032)

(0.050)

(0.022)

(0.020)

(0.006)

(0.006)

Father not present

−0.014

−0.037

−0.001

0.011

0.014

−0.010

−0.004

 

(0.102)

(0.089)

(0.073)

(0.041)

(0.038)

(0.014)

(0.012)

Constant

4.737***

4.685***

4.877***

4.530***

4.526***

4.790***

4.803***

 

(0.243)

(0.217)

(0.197)

(0.116)

(0.111)

(0.028)

(0.026)

Ln σ

−0.908***

−1.288***

−0.764***

−0.801***

−1.181***

−0.977***

−1.361***

 

(0.036)

(0.087)

(0.027)

(0.014)

(0.035)

(0.004)

(0.008)

κ

−2.564***

−1.024***

−2.087***

−1.520***

−0.565***

−1.476***

−0.587***

 

(0.141)

(0.179)

(0.103)

(0.049)

(0.063)

(0.011)

(0.014)

σ

0.403***

0.276***

0.466

0.449***

0.307***

0.376***

0.256***

 

(0.015)

(0.024)

(0.012)

(0.006)

(0.011)

(0.001)

(0.002)

Ln θ

 

1.336***

  

0.798***

 

0.648***

  

(0.305)

  

(0.130)

 

(0.032)

θ

 

3.805***

  

2.222***

 

1.911***

  

(1.160)

  

(0.289)

 

(0.061)

Log (pseudo) likelihood

−1266.94

−1231.37

−1889.83

−4415.87

−4284.20

−42998.62

−40590.70

Wald Χ2

165.19

181.42

261.10

609.49

681.93

9891.41

11533.65

N

1660

 

2431

5902

 

65418

 
  1. * p<.1; ** p<.05; *** p<.01.
  2. Standard errors are in parentheses and adjusted for the clustering of students in institutions.
  3. The results from parametric hazard models with and without unobserved heterogeneity component: the coefficients are given in accelerated failure time metric.
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