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Table 8 The economic downturn and work injury/fatality rates by nativity: working and non-working individuals

From: On the differential impact of the recent economic downturn on work safety by nativity: the Spanish experience

Independent variables

Injury rates

Fatality rates

Occupation rate

Industry rate

Occupation rate

Industry rate

 

Spec. 1

Spec. 2

Spec. 1

Spec. 2

Spec. 1

Spec. 2

Spec. 1

Spec. 2

Migration variables:

        

Foreign-born

163.23***

 

−21.87

 

0.82**

 

0.03

 
 

(43.679)

 

(30.586)

 

(0.327)

 

(0.221)

 

Years in Spain

−4.22***

−4.28***

0.98

0.99

−0.02***

−0.02**

−0.01

−0.01

 

(0.985)

(1.025)

(0.673)

(0.664)

(0.008)

(0.009)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Spanish native tongue

1.29

 

−18.42**

 

0.05

 

−0.26**

 
 

(12.879)

 

(10.251)

 

(0.122)

 

(0.114)

 

Africa

 

210.03***

 

9.27

 

0.84*

 

0.42*

  

(57.394)

 

(17.406)

 

(0.526)

 

(0.215)

Asia

 

74.54*

 

−31.04

 

−0.55

 

−0.40*

  

(53.243)

 

(26.108)

 

(0.497)

 

(0.256)

Europe

 

148.41***

 

0.54

 

0.83***

 

0.35*

  

(32.231)

 

(22.170)

 

(0.272)

 

(0.204)

Latin America

 

163.38***

 

−26.41

 

0.83**

 

−0.02

  

(45.090)

 

(31.915)

 

(0.335)

 

(0.233)

Other origin

 

17.71

 

−35.60

 

0.03

 

0.33

  

(41.158)

 

(27.038)

 

(0.501)

 

(0.492)

Crisis effect:

        

Post-crisis

−26.22

−26.22

−41.03**

−41.08**

0.19

0.20

0.15

0.15

 

(27.208)

(27.217)

(22.910)

(22.895)

(0.269)

(0.268)

(0.230)

(0.230)

Interaction terms:

        

Post-crisis* Foreign-born

−23.47**

 

−6.78

 

−0.09

 

−0.05

 
 

(13.595)

 

(10.503)

 

(0.126)

 

(0.098)

 

Post-crisis*Africa

 

−58.93***

 

−22.60**

 

−0.32**

 

−0.21**

  

(15.856)

 

(11.213)

 

(0.187)

 

(0.112)

Post-crisis*Asia

 

−36.04

 

−7.25

 

−0.17

 

0.14

  

(45.952)

 

(17.729)

 

(0.333)

 

(0.289)

Post-crisis*Europe

 

7.76

 

−13.08*

 

0.17

 

−0.10

  

(11.183)

 

(7.986)

 

(0.151)

 

(0.092)

Post-crisis*Latin-Am.

 

−29.97**

 

3.33

 

−0.17

 

0.04

  

(18.057)

 

(13.961)

 

(0.134)

 

(0.137)

Post-crisis*Other origin

 

55.90*

 

12.82

 

0.11

 

−0.44

  

(37.220)

 

(22.600)

 

(0.512)

 

(0.535)

Personal/Job characteristics

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Regional FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Time trend

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Ind./Occ. FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Ind./Occ. Time trend

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

835,737

835,737

835,737

835,737

835,737

835,737

835,737

835,737

R-squared

0.391

0.392

0.516

0.516

0.500

0.501

0.524

0.525

  1. Notes: Injury rates are per 10,000 workers and fatality rates are per 100,000 workers. The sample includes only individuals aged 16 and older who are employed or unemployed, except for military personnel. Regressions include a constant term and the personal and job characteristics shown in Tables 5 and 6. Observations are weighted using the individual weights in the EPA. Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered on industry or occupation. * significant at 10% ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1% in one-tailed or two-tailed tests.