Skilled migration and the transfer of institutional norms

Table 2 Descriptive statistics regarding the governance variables

	Mean	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum	Number of observations
Voice and accountability
Δ I _it	0.000	0.404	-1.285	1.570	190
I _it-1	-0.040	1.006	-1.983	1.712	190
N _it-1 Total migration	0.156	0.297	0.000	2.287	190
N _it-1 Skilled migration	0.160	0.310	0.001	2.480	190
Political stability
Δ I _it	-0.429	0.957	-3.049	1.277	178
I _it-1	0.289	0.123	0.171	0.660	178
N _it-1 Total migration	0.378	0.006	0.350	0.423	178
N _it-1 Skilled migration	0.378	0.005	0.362	0.420	178
Government effectiveness
Δ I _it	0.001	0.374	-1.067	1.042	178
I _it-1	-0.045	1.009	-1.799	2.534	178
N _it-1 Total migration	0.190	0.472	-0.024	2.932	178
N _it-1 Skilled migration	0.196	0.489	-0.006	3.298	178
Regulatory quality
Δ I _it	-0.172	0.123	-0.479	-0.048	180
I _it-1	0.363	0.145	0.219	0.670	180
N _it-1 Total migration	-0.001	0.032	-0.185	0.083	180
N _it-1 Skilled migration	-0.001	0.032	-0.185	0.083	180
Rule of law
Δ I _it	-0.386	1.089	-2.954	1.855	165
I _it-1	0.272	0.170	0.149	0.793	165
N _it-1 Total migration	0.312	0.004	0.301	0.334	165
N _it-1 Skilled migration	0.311	0.002	0.305	0.328	165
Control of corruption
Δ I _it	-0.037	0.450	-1.690	0.921	149
I _it-1	0.010	1.084	-2.130	2.440	149
N _it-1 Total migration	2.420	0.364	1.081	2.972	149
N _it-1 Skilled migration	2.501	0.271	1.334	2.998	149
m _it-1 Total migration	8.261	16.096	0.023	89.303	193
m _it-1 Skilled migration	2.525	5.035	0.011	33.761	193
H _it-1	7.718	7.033	0.144	43.820	193

Notes: I _it-1 and Δ I _it refer to the (lagged) level and the change within the decade of institutional values. N _it-1 refers to the (lagged) value of the norms in terms of the governance dimension either transmitted by all migrants or by skilled migrants only; m _it-1 refers to migration rates _; H _it-1 refers to human capital levels.