Immigration status and property crime: an application of estimators for underreported outcomes

Papadopoulos, Georgios

doi:10.1186/2193-9039-3-12

Table 5 Robustness checks - binary models

From: Immigration status and property crime: an application of estimators for underreported outcomes

	Probit	MisProbit
		No ethnicity		Baseline	Depr.Index	No Excl.	Other present	No weights	10-25	Violent
	(1)	(2)		(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
	$\tilde{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{γ}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$	$\hat{β}$
Immigrant	-0.127	-0.429*	0.598	-0.309	-0.311	-0.351	-0.246	-0.434***	-0.243	-0.147
	(0.102)	(0.225)	(0.485)	(0.235)	(0.232)	(0.271)	(0.393)	(0.159)	(0.245)	(0.277)
Age	-.0178**	-0.264***	0.323***	-0.268***	-0.261***	-0.288***	-0.226	-0.279***	-0.194***	-0.332***
	(0.007)	(0.049)	(0.075)	(0.049)	(0.046)	(0.044)	(0.158)	(0.037)	(0.031)	(0.042)
Age ²	0.0001	0.004***	-0.005***	0.003***	0.004***	0.004***	0.003	0.004***		0.005***
	(0.0001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)		(0.001)
Male	0.362***	0.318**	0.458**	0.321**	0.277*	0.308**	0.345*	0.335***	0.084	0.149
	(0.049)	(0.139)	(0.227)	(0.140)	(0.147)	(0.152)	(0.201)	(0.112)	(0.197)	(0.133)
White				0.245	0.183	0.176	0.284	0.249	0.448*	0.259
				(0.201)	(0.199)	(0.248)	(0.290)	(0.158)	(0.259)	(0.197)
South	0.089	0.308	-0.394	0.27	0.256	0.272	0.185	0.104	-0.082	-0.282
	(0.082)	(0.198)	(0.330)	(0.203)	(0.196)	(0.238)	(0.373)	(0.144)	(0.259)	(0.276)
Midlands	0.061	0.14	-0.208	0.124	0.225	0.098	0.056	0.082	-0.07	-0.184
	(0.084)	(0.188)	(0.340)	(0.200)	(0.221)	(0.214)	(0.226)	(0.171)	(0.268)	(0.274)
North	0.066	0.531*	-0.796**	0.509**	0.543**	0.526*	0.362	0.21	-0.021	-0.197
	(0.086)	(0.243)	(0.336)	(0.260)	(0.248)	(0.311)	(0.571)	(0.171)	0.28	0.282
Deprivation					-0.033
					(0.028)
Constant	-1.204***	2.597***	-3.742***	2.867***	3.046***	3.328***	1.999	3.098***	2.979***	4.181***
	(0.127)	(0.895)	(0.608)	(0.935)	(0.896)	(0.928)	(3.150)	(0.623)	(0.890)	(0.789)
Truthful			-1.211***	-1.231***	-1.280***			-1.573***	-1.739***	-1.213***
			(0.267)	(0.264)	(0.250)			(0.202)	(0.287)	(0.276)
Other Present							-0.393
							(0.368)
Sample size	11,658	11,658		11,658	10,993	11,658	11,658	11,658	5,023	11,667
Log likelihood	-1,452.88	-1,427.97		-1,422.51	-1,343.88	-1,432.72	-1,430.48	-2,444.18	-650.08	-1,310.73
Prob of committing a crime	0.064	0.370		0.370	0.370	0.422	0.279	0.362	0.514	0.368
Prob of reporting a crime		0.290		0.272	0.270	0.224	0.365	0.289	0.298	0.300

Note: because of space limitations, only specification (2) presents both the estimates from the crime equation ( $\hat{β}$ ) and reporting equation ( $\hat{γ}$ ). Specifications (3) to (9), although also obtained using the MisProbit model, only present the estimates for criminal behaviour. The presented estimated effects of TRUTHFULNESS and OTHER PRESENT are however from the reporting equation. Quasi Maximum Likelihood Standard Errors in Parentheses. *, **, *** denote 10%, 5%, 1% level of significance respectively.

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