Immigrant influx and social cohesion erosion

Table 2 Effect of foreign born on volunteering ^a

Individual controls	-	-	x	x
Area level controls	-	-	-	x
Panel A: All cities	[1]	[2]	[3]	[4]
Fraction foreign born	-0.384	-0.292	-0.667	-1.315
	[1.70]	[1.31]	[3.80]**	[3.51]**
2.5 Gen--dad foreign (Binary)		0.001	0.028	0.03
		[0.12]	[3.56]**	[3.54]**
2.5 Gen--mom foreign (Binary)		0.004	0.005	0.006
		[0.46]	[0.53]	[0.64]
Second gen. (Binary)		-0.077	-0.02	-0.015
		[12.74]**	[3.17]**	[2.11]*
	239059	239059	202518	202518
Panel B: Big cities	[1]	[2]	[3]	[4]
Fraction foreign born	-0.552	-0.458	-0.642	-0.287
	[2.12]*	[1.79]	[2.94]**	[0.55]
2.5 Gen--dad foreign (Binary)		0.007	0.031	0.033
		[0.68]	[3.20]**	[3.62]**
2.5 Gen--mom foreign (Binary)		0.011	0.009	0.009
		[1.05]	[0.77]	[0.87]
Second gen. (Binary)		-0.08	-0.026	-0.021
		[15.33]**	[3.58]**	[3.07]**
Observations	133284	133284	111699	111699

^aCoefficients are shown along with absolute values of t-statistics for the eight regressions of interest. All regressions use probability weights for sample inclusion and clustering on the highest relevant level for the most conservative standard errors possible in the analysis. All regressions further include controls for year and region. Individual characteristics added into the analysis in column 3 include age, age², sex, education, family income, race, the presence of children, number of individuals in the household and employment status. Area characteristics added into the analysis in column 4 include total population, population density, average age, employment rate, fraction of various race groups, education and median family income. * and ** show statistical significance at the 5% and the 1% level respectively.