Remittances and immigration enforcement

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes; Thitima Puttitanun

doi:10.1186/2193-9039-3-6

IZA Journal of Development and Migration

Table 3 Likelihood of remitting money home

From: Remittances and immigration enforcement

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Baseline model	Added controls, plus regional and time fixed-effects	Specification (2) plus U.S. location-specific time trend
287(g) agreements & secure communities	−0.260***	−0.298***	−0.260***
287(g) agreements & secure communities	(0.098)	(0.085)	(0.088)
E-Verify mandates	0.355***	0.021	0.022
E-Verify mandates	(0.028)	(0.034)	(0.037)
Undocumented	0.112***	0.051**	0.052***
Undocumented	(0.016)	(0.020)	(0.020)
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm.	0.371***	0.284***	0.251***
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm.	(0.105)	(0.090)	(0.098)
Undocumented*E-Verify	−0.420***	−0.202**	−0.181**
Undocumented*E-Verify	(0.088)	(0.100)	(0.090)
Male		0.161***	0.154***
Male		(0.037)	(0.036)
Age at last U.S. trip		0.009***	0.009***
Age at last U.S. trip		(0.003)	(0.003)
Age at last U.S. trip squared		−9.71e-05***	−9.67e-05***
Age at last U.S. trip squared		(3.24e-05)	(3.18e-05)
Married during last U.S. trip		0.008	0.012
Married during last U.S. trip		(0.038)	(0.037)
Years of schooling		−0.006***	−0.006***
Years of schooling		(0.002)	(0.002)
Speaks english well		0.028	0.028
Speaks english well		(0.027)	(0.027)
Monthly earnings in the U.S.		−2.91e-06	−2.33e-06
Monthly earnings in the U.S.		(4.68e-06)	(4.75e-06)
Length of Last U.S. Trip		−0.002***	−0.002***
Length of Last U.S. Trip		(3.18e-04)	(3.25e-04)
Length of last U.S. trip squared		4.12e-06***	3.99e-06***
Length of last U.S. trip squared		(1.11e-06)	(1.17e-06)
Lived with relatives or community members		0.045*	0.041*
Lived with relatives or community members		(0.032)	(0.031)
Participated in sports or social organizations		−0.078***	−0.073***
Participated in sports or social organizations		(0.029)	(0.028)
Communal population		−3.76e-08	−3.97e-08
Communal population		(7.22e-08)	(7.26e-08)
Municipal population		1.13e-07*	6.71e-08
Municipal population		(7.43e-08)	(7.75e-08)
Observations	6,703	6,703	6,703
R-squared	0.020	0.183	0.194

Notes: All models include a constant term. In addition to the shown regressors, specification (2) contains fixed-effects for the last year in the U.S. and community of origin in Mexico, as well as community of origin time trends. Finally, specification (3) adds U.S. location-specific time trends to the regressors included in specification (2). Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered at the U.S. county level. ***, **, *denote 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels at the corresponding one-tail and two-tail tests.

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