Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
 | Baseline model | Added controls, plus regional and time fixed-effects | Specification (2) plus U.S. location-specific time trend |
287(g) agreements & secure communities | −0.260*** | −0.298*** | −0.260*** |
(0.098) | (0.085) | (0.088) | |
E-Verify mandates | 0.355*** | 0.021 | 0.022 |
(0.028) | (0.034) | (0.037) | |
Undocumented | 0.112*** | 0.051** | 0.052*** |
(0.016) | (0.020) | (0.020) | |
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm. | 0.371*** | 0.284*** | 0.251*** |
(0.105) | (0.090) | (0.098) | |
Undocumented*E-Verify | −0.420*** | −0.202** | −0.181** |
(0.088) | (0.100) | (0.090) | |
Male | Â | 0.161*** | 0.154*** |
 | (0.037) | (0.036) | |
Age at last U.S. trip | Â | 0.009*** | 0.009*** |
 | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
Age at last U.S. trip squared |  | −9.71e-05*** | −9.67e-05*** |
 | (3.24e-05) | (3.18e-05) | |
Married during last U.S. trip | Â | 0.008 | 0.012 |
 | (0.038) | (0.037) | |
Years of schooling |  | −0.006*** | −0.006*** |
 | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
Speaks english well | Â | 0.028 | 0.028 |
 | (0.027) | (0.027) | |
Monthly earnings in the U.S. |  | −2.91e-06 | −2.33e-06 |
 | (4.68e-06) | (4.75e-06) | |
Length of Last U.S. Trip |  | −0.002*** | −0.002*** |
 | (3.18e-04) | (3.25e-04) | |
Length of last U.S. trip squared | Â | 4.12e-06*** | 3.99e-06*** |
 | (1.11e-06) | (1.17e-06) | |
Lived with relatives or community members | Â | 0.045* | 0.041* |
 | (0.032) | (0.031) | |
Participated in sports or social organizations |  | −0.078*** | −0.073*** |
 | (0.029) | (0.028) | |
Communal population |  | −3.76e-08 | −3.97e-08 |
 | (7.22e-08) | (7.26e-08) | |
Municipal population | Â | 1.13e-07* | 6.71e-08 |
 | (7.43e-08) | (7.75e-08) | |
Observations | 6,703 | 6,703 | 6,703 |
R-squared | 0.020 | 0.183 | 0.194 |