Remittances and immigration enforcement

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes; Thitima Puttitanun

doi:10.1186/2193-9039-3-6

IZA Journal of Development and Migration

Table 4 Log of dollar amount remitted

From: Remittances and immigration enforcement

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Baseline model	Added controls, plus regional and time fixed-effects	Specification (2) plus U.S. location-specific time trend
287(g) agreements & secure communities	0.381	0.607**	0.724***
287(g) agreements & secure communities	(0.302)	(0.262)	(0.256)
E-Verify mandates	−0.260*	0.214	0.140
E-Verify mandates	(0.200)	(0.177)	(0.238)
Undocumented	−0.102	−0.026	−0.006
Undocumented	(0.122)	(0.052)	(0.050)
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm.	−0.231	−0.326*	−0.347*
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm.	(0.317)	(0.218)	(0.224)
Undocumented*E-Verify	0.434*	−0.249	−0.237
Undocumented*E-Verify	(0.268)	(0.285)	(0.299)
Male		0.329***	0.327***
Male		(0.117)	(0.121)
Age at last U.S. trip		0.006	0.007
Age at last U.S. trip		(0.014)	(0.014)
Age at last U.S. trip squared		−1.22e-04	−1.39e-04
Age at last U.S. trip squared		(1.71e-04)	(1.69e-04)
Married during last U.S. trip		0.149*	0.139*
Married during last U.S. trip		(0.107)	(0.108)
Years of schooling		0.013***	0.013***
Years of schooling		(0.004)	(0.004)
Speaks english well		−0.104**	−0.103**
Speaks english well		(0.048)	(0.048)
Monthly earnings in the U.S.		2.68e-05	3.19e-05*
Monthly earnings in the U.S.		(2.22e-05)	(2.1e-05)
Length of last U.S. trip		0.001	0.001
Length of last U.S. trip		(0.001)	(0.001)
Length of last U.S. trip squared		3.17e-06	4.24e-06*
Length of last U.S. trip squared		(3.26e-06)	(2.85e-06)
Lived with relatives or community members		−0.003	−0.008
Lived with relatives or community members		(0.074)	(0.073)
Participated in sports or social organizations		−0.146**	−0.138*
Participated in sports or social organizations		(0.081)	(0.080)
Communal population		−2.49e-07	−2.06e-07
Communal population		(2.24e-07)	(2.43e-07)
Municipal population		1.25e-07	2.39e-07
Municipal population		(3.71e-07)	(3.72e-07)
Observations	4,438	4,438	4,438
R-squared	0.004	0.242	0.268

Notes: The dependent variable is the logarithm of the dollar amount remitted in real terms. All models include a constant term. In addition to the shown regressors, specification (2) contains fixed-effects for the last year in the U.S. and community of origin in Mexico, as well as community of origin time trends. Finally, specification (3) adds U.S. location-specific time trends to the regressors included in specification (2). Standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered at the U.S. county level. ***, **, *denote 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels at the corresponding one-tail and two-tail tests.

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