Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
 | Baseline model | Added controls, plus regional and time fixed-effects | Specification (2) plus U.S. location-specific time trend |
287(g) agreements & secure communities | 0.381 | 0.607** | 0.724*** |
(0.302) | (0.262) | (0.256) | |
E-Verify mandates | −0.260* | 0.214 | 0.140 |
(0.200) | (0.177) | (0.238) | |
Undocumented | −0.102 | −0.026 | −0.006 |
(0.122) | (0.052) | (0.050) | |
Undocumented*287(g) & secure comm. | −0.231 | −0.326* | −0.347* |
(0.317) | (0.218) | (0.224) | |
Undocumented*E-Verify | 0.434* | −0.249 | −0.237 |
(0.268) | (0.285) | (0.299) | |
Male | Â | 0.329*** | 0.327*** |
 | (0.117) | (0.121) | |
Age at last U.S. trip | Â | 0.006 | 0.007 |
 | (0.014) | (0.014) | |
Age at last U.S. trip squared |  | −1.22e-04 | −1.39e-04 |
 | (1.71e-04) | (1.69e-04) | |
Married during last U.S. trip | Â | 0.149* | 0.139* |
 | (0.107) | (0.108) | |
Years of schooling | Â | 0.013*** | 0.013*** |
 | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
Speaks english well |  | −0.104** | −0.103** |
 | (0.048) | (0.048) | |
Monthly earnings in the U.S. | Â | 2.68e-05 | 3.19e-05* |
 | (2.22e-05) | (2.1e-05) | |
Length of last U.S. trip | Â | 0.001 | 0.001 |
 | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Length of last U.S. trip squared | Â | 3.17e-06 | 4.24e-06* |
 | (3.26e-06) | (2.85e-06) | |
Lived with relatives or community members |  | −0.003 | −0.008 |
 | (0.074) | (0.073) | |
Participated in sports or social organizations |  | −0.146** | −0.138* |
 | (0.081) | (0.080) | |
Communal population |  | −2.49e-07 | −2.06e-07 |
 | (2.24e-07) | (2.43e-07) | |
Municipal population | Â | 1.25e-07 | 2.39e-07 |
 | (3.71e-07) | (3.72e-07) | |
Observations | 4,438 | 4,438 | 4,438 |
R-squared | 0.004 | 0.242 | 0.268 |