From: Overeducation among immigrants in Sweden: incidence, wage effects and state dependence
Random effects probit, 2002 − 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natives | Western immigrants | Non-Western immigrants | |||||
III | I | II | III | I | II | III | |
Overeducation t-1 | 2.725*** | 3.057*** | 3.057*** | 2.891*** | 3.298*** | 3.299*** | 3.101*** |
(0.0033) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.016) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.014) | |
Job change | 0.0774*** | 0.054*** | 0.054*** | 0.106*** | −0.051*** | −0.052*** | 0.022 |
(0.0038) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.018) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.016) | |
Region of birth | - | - | Yes | Yes | - | Yes | Yes |
Occupation | Yes | - | - | Yes | - | - | Yes |
Number of observations | 4,655,054 | 223,213 | 300,290 | ||||
Number of individuals | 693,242 | 33,682 | 46,057 | ||||
lnsig2u | −0.4198 | −12.415*** | −12.416*** | −0.493*** | −14.026*** | −14.030*** | −0.455*** |
(0.0091) | (2.327) | (2.327) | (0.045) | (3.824) | (3.820) | (0.040) | |
Random effects probit, 2002–2008 – Wooldridge estimator with Mundlak correction | |||||||
Natives | Western immigrants | Non-Western immigrants | |||||
III | I | II | III | I | II | III | |
Overeducation t-1 | 2.253*** | 2.555*** | 2.555*** | 2.285*** | 2.739*** | 2.739*** | 2.428*** |
(0.004) | (0.019) | (0.019) | (0.020) | (0.019) | (0.019) | (0.018) | |
Overeducation t = 0 | 1.148*** | 0.863*** | 0.863*** | 1.376*** | 1.003*** | 1.005*** | 1.383*** |
(0.007) | (0.032) | (0.032) | (0.037) | (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.034) | |
Job change | 0.108*** | 0.073*** | 0.073*** | 0.138*** | −0.037*** | −0.038*** | 0.049*** |
(0.004) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.019) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.017) | |
Region of birth | - | - | Yes | Yes | - | Yes | Yes |
Occupation | Yes | - | - | Yes | - | - | Yes |
Means over time | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Number of observations | 4,655,054 | 223,392 | 300,712 | ||||
Number of individuals | 693,242 | 33,685 | 46,061 | ||||
lnsig2u | −0.155*** | −1.211*** | −1.212*** | 0.038 | −1.151*** | −1.156*** | −0.007 |
(0.008) | (0.067) | (0.067) | (0.036) | (0.065) | (0.065) | (0.033) |