Overeducation among immigrants in Sweden: incidence, wage effects and state dependence

Table 7 Returns to actual, required, over and undereducation, panel data models with individual fixed effects, women

	Actual schooling, women			Under-, required and overeducation, women
	Natives	Western immigrants	Non-Western Immigrants	Natives	Western immigrants	Non-Western Immigrants
Schooling	0.017**	0.017**	0.014**
	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
UE_mode				−0.018**	−0.018**	−0.017**
				(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
RE_mode				0.020**	0.019**	0.018**
				(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
OE_mode				0.015**	0.016**	0.007**
				(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)
R-squared	0.401	0.380	0.387	0.402	0.380	0.391
Number of observations	6,929,785	355,518	545,849	6,929,785	355,518	545,849

Note: The models also include controls for age, age squared, marital status, having young children, years since migration (for immigrants), sector (five categories), municipality, birth region for immigrants (six categories) and year dummies. Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.