Overeducation among immigrants in Sweden: incidence, wage effects and state dependence

Table 8 Persistence in overeducation

Region	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Men
Sweden	92.1	83.1	78.9	77.0	73.5	72.7	67.0
Other Nordic countries	93.5	85.7	81.7	80.0	77.4	76.8	70.9
EU15	93.9	86.9	80.8	79.5	77.1	76.2	71.6
Rest of Europe	96.5	93.1	91.3	90.4	88.3	87.6	84.2
Africa	95.3	91.4	89.2	87.3	85.8	83.9	81.9
North America	94.7	89.7	85.0	83.4	80.7	79.8	75.8
South America	94.2	89.4	86.9	85.7	83.6	82.5	80.0
Asia	95.5	90.0	86.4	85.4	83.1	82.7	79.2
Women
Sweden	90.3	71.7	69.1	64.9	61.1	60.3	50.5
Other Nordic countries	91.6	73.2	70.5	67.2	64.8	63.8	54.5
EU15	91.6	76.6	73.8	71.3	67.9	66.6	60.8
Rest of Europe	94.6	86.6	84.7	82.5	78.7	78.1	73.8
Africa	94.6	86.8	84.8	83.1	80.3	79.1	75.7
North America	90.3	79.1	77.3	74.4	72.7	72.9	67.5
South America	95.1	84.9	83.2	81.8	78.5	77.8	72.8
Asia	94.3	82.4	80.3	78.4	75.5	75.2	69.1

The percentage among those who were overeducated in 2001 that was also overeducated in subsequent years. (Mode method to decide the norm within occupations – balanced panel 2001–2008).