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Table 1 Selected post-September 11, 2001 federal policies targeting Arab and Islamic Americans

From: Stigmatization and racial selection after September 11, 2001: self-identity among Arab and Islamic Americans

Date

Policy or action

Within weeks of September 11, 2001

1,200+ Muslim and Arab citizens were arrested and detained.

September 20, 2001

New rule allowing INS to indefinitely detain non-citizens

November 9, 2001

DOJ “issued guidelines for “voluntary” interviews of non-citizen men in the US on nonimmigrant visas from countries suspected of harboring terrorists” (all Arab or Muslim).

November 2001

State department announced it had slowed the process for granting visas to men ages 16-45 from certain Arab and Muslim countries

November 2001

INS announced mass arrests of nonimmigrant students who had violated terms of their visas

National origins of students included only Iran, Syria, Pakistan, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and Yemen

December 5, 2001

DOJ directs INS round up 6,000 “young Arab men” who had ignored deportation orders.

March 20, 2002

DOJ announces plans to interview another 3,000 Arab and Muslim men for “voluntary” interviews. Men are ages 18 - 33 who have entered the US since September 11, 2001.

August 12, 2002

The fingerprinting and registry initiative announced for persons from select Arab and Muslim countries (Cainkar, 2002a).

On May 26, 2004

Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Robert Mueller announced that the FBI would launch a new round of nationwide interviews in Muslim communities (American Civil Liberties Union, 2004).

  1. Source: Akram ([2002]) is the primary source for dates and items included in this table.