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Table 4 Estimation results

From: What active labour market programmes work for immigrants in Europe? A meta-analysis of the evaluation literature

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

ALMP type (baseline: training)

Wage subsidy

0.5732

0.6987

1.0664**

1.0561**

1.1301**

0.9855*

 

(0.4398)

(0.4890)

(0.5051)

(0.5279)

(0.5116)

(0.5400)

Public works

−0.5024

−0.4879

−0.1016

−0.1287

−0.2983

−0.1835

 

(0.3170)

(0.3158)

(0.3279)

(0.4567)

(0.4579)

(0.4574)

Services/sanctions

0.5002

0.4474

0.342

0.2952

0.2386

0.2475

 

(0.3303)

(0.3394)

(0.3480)

(0.3803)

(0.4049)

(0.3886)

Other programmes

−0.5985*

−0.6727*

−0.5925*

−0.6039*

−0.9004**

−0.7541*

 

(0.3271)

(0.3678)

(0.3490)

(0.3627)

(0.3530)

(0.4108)

Study characteristics (baseline: matching, working paper)

Duration analysis

 

−0.1694

−0.1524

−0.1252

0.5544

−0.1132

  

(0.3715)

(0.3919)

(0.4024)

(0.4542)

(0.4054)

Other method

 

−0.3006

0.0912

0.1477

0.2542

0.1718

  

(0.4948)

(0.5966)

(0.5858)

(0.5948)

(0.5695)

Published paper

 

0.6123**

0.7224**

0.7099*

0.9968***

0.6462*

  

(0.2846)

(0.2997)

(0.3704)

(0.3727)

(0.3681)

Programme characteristics (baseline: regular ALMP, duration unknown or greater than four months)

Migrant-specific programme

  

−0.0546

−0.0768

0.0452

−0.0954

   

(0.5311)

(0.5421)

(0.5569)

(0.5224)

Short programme (up to 4 months)

 

0.8051**

0.7990**

0.7728*

0.7464*

   

(0.3314)

(0.4036)

(0.4246)

(0.4143)

Sample characteristics (baseline: pooled estimation for men and women, 1980s or 1990s programme)

Separate estimation for males

  

0.2034

−0.0472

0.2282

    

(0.4502)

(0.4486)

(0.4762)

Separate estimation for females

  

−0.258

−0.5787

−0.244

    

(0.4641)

(0.4812)

(0.4784)

2000s programme

   

0.1314

−0.3203

0.1842

    

(0.3374)

(0.3653)

(0.3358)

Contextual controls

Unemployment rate

    

0.2167***

 
     

(0.0790)

 

GDP growth rate

     

0.0615

      

(0.1074)

Number of observations

93

93

93

93

93

93

Pseudo R-squared

0.0708

0.0925

0.1217

0.1344

0.1777

0.1364

Akaike information criterion

181.9881

184.0131

182.6708

186.3419

180.4334

187.9807

  1. The table displays estimated coefficients of ordered probit models. Heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors in parentheses. The dependent variable takes value 1 for significantly positive estimates, 0 for insignificant and −1 for significantly negative estimates. Unemployment and GDP growth rates are annual rates in % for the year the evaluated programme started. *** denotes p <0.01, ** denotes p <0.05 and * denotes p <0.1.