Table 6 List of variables and sources
From: Do climate variations explain bilateral migration? A gravity model analysis
Variable | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
wtemp | Population‐weighted average annual temperature in degrees Celsius. Constant 1990 population weights | Dell et al. (2008). |
wpre | Population‐weighted average annual precipitation in millimeters. Constant 1990 population weights | Dell et al. (2008). |
Immigrant inflow | Inflow of population from sending country i into host country j | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2014): OECD International Migration Database. Eurostat (2014): Immigration. |
GDP per capita origin | PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in sending country at current US$ | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
GDP per capita destination | PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in host country at current US$ | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
Population | Population in the sending country | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
Demographic pressure | Percentage or young population as a share of working age population in the sending country | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
Unemployment rate destination | Unemployment rate in the country of destination, total (share of total labor force) | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
Trade to GDP | Sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of the sending country’s gross domestic product | World Bank (2010): World Development Indicators Database. |
Share of agricultural land | Share of sending country i’s land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures | World Bank (2014): World Development Indicators Database. |
EU membership | Dummy variable equals 1 if the country of origin is a member of the European Union | European Union (2014): EU member countries. |
State fragility index | Ordinally scaled (0–25) measure of sending country i’s state fragility | Center for Systemic Peace (2014): State Fragility Index. |