The effect of sharing a mother tongue with peers: evidence from North Carolina middle schools

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

	All students		LEP students		Non-LEP students
Variable	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.
Individual Characteristics
Reading Std. Score	0.165	0.910	−0.634	0.801	0.208	0.896
Last year Reading Std. Score	0.126	0.927	−0.720	0.800	0.170	0.912
Math Std. Score	0.306	0.918	−0.223	0.789	0.335	0.916
Last year Math Std. Score	0.187	0.949	−0.407	0.809	0.219	0.945
Female	0.493	0.500	0.454	0.498	0.496	0.500
Low Income	0.487	0.500	0.861	0.346	0.466	0.499
Black	0.279	0.448	0.026	0.158	0.293	0.455
Hispanic	0.097	0.295	0.833	0.373	0.055	0.228
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.022	0.146	0.102	0.302	0.017	0.130
Limited English Proficient	0.053	0.225
Transferred schools	0.316	0.465	0.357	0.479	0.314	0.464
Grade-Level Peer Characteristics
% Female	0.493	0.047	0.492	0.046	0.493	0.047
% Limited English Proficient (LEP)	0.053	0.057	0.109	0.089	0.050	0.053
% Black	0.279	0.227	0.320	0.213	0.276	0.228
% Hispanic	0.099	0.084	0.172	0.122	0.095	0.079
% Asian/Pacific Islander	0.022	0.031	0.026	0.033	0.022	0.030
% Low Income	0.487	0.206	0.575	0.203	0.482	0.205
% Common Tongue (LEP only)	0.039	0.172	0.422	0.403	0.017	0.116
LEP Herfindahl Index	0.887	0.122	0.799	0.155	0.892	0.118
Reading Teacher Characteristics
Reading: Female Teacher	0.891	0.312	0.881	0.324	0.891	0.311
Reading: Black Teacher	0.174	0.379	0.213	0.410	0.171	0.377
Reading: Hispanic Teacher	0.005	0.071	0.010	0.101	0.005	0.069
Reading: Asian Teacher	0.004	0.059	0.005	0.073	0.003	0.058
Reading: First-year Teacher	0.062	0.240	0.072	0.259	0.061	0.239
Number of Students	597,036		26,889		570,147
Number of Student-Year Observ.	1,340,833		71,465		1,269,368

Notes: The statistics reported in the table are measured at the student + year, or observation, level. Each student has at most 3 observations. All grade-level peer characteristics and teacher characteristics correspond to the means at the student + year observation level. For example, 0.493 for % Female in the first column shows that observations in our data, students in given school years, have on average 49.3% female peers. Analogously, 89.1% of student observations in our data have a female teacher.