The effect of sharing a mother tongue with peers: evidence from North Carolina middle schools

Table 2 Effect of LEP peers on reading test scores, Non-LEP students

	NL1		NL2		NL3		NL4
Peer Characteristics
% LEP	−0.106	***	−0.106	***	−0.130	***	−0.075	*
	(0.042)		(0.042)		(0.050)		(0.044)
School % LEP					0.049
					(0.054)
LEP Herfindahl Index			0.002		0.004		−0.0005
			(0.003)		(0.006)		(0.003)
School LEP Herfindahl					−0.003
					(0.007)
% Female	−0.003		−0.003		−0.003		0.010
	(0.024)		(0.024)		(0.024)		(0.028)
% Black	0.002		0.002		0.002		0.042
	(0.025)		(0.025)		(0.025)		(0.029)
% Hispanic	0.027		0.025		0.025		0.059
	(0.043)		(0.043)		(0.043)		(0.046)
% FRL Student	−0.072	***	−0.072	***	−0.072	***	−0.103	***
	(0.014)		(0.014)		(0.014)		(0.015)
% Transfer	0.006	*	0.006	*	0.006	*	0.001
	(0.003)		(0.003)		(0.003)		(0.004)
Mean Std. Score	−0.082	***	−0.082	***	−0.082	***	−0.083	***
	(0.007)		(0.007)		(0.007)		(0.008)
SD Std. Score	−0.045	***	−0.045	***	−0.046	***	−0.060	***
	(0.010)		(0.010)		(0.010)		(0.012)
Student Characteristics
Last Yr. Std. Score	−0.276	***	−0.276	***	−0.276	***	−0.277	***
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
FRL Student	0.002		0.002		0.002		0.002
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
Transferred Schools	0.013	***	0.013	***	0.013	***	0.014	***
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
Observations	597,036		597,036		597,036		447,983
Exclude Grades w/o LEPs?	No		No		No		Yes
Student Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
School Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
Grade-by-year Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes

Notes: In addition to the variables shown, each regression also includes control variables for grade size and for the teacher characteristics listed in Table 1. Standard errors clustered at the school + grade + year level (such as Washington Elementary, 3^rd Grade, 2008) are in parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance of a two-sided test at the ten, five, and one-percent levels, respectively.