The effect of sharing a mother tongue with peers: evidence from North Carolina middle schools

Table 3 Effect of LEP peers on mathematics test scores, Non-LEP students

	NL1		NL2		NL3		NL4
Peer Characteristics
% LEP	−0.073		−0.071		−0.142	**	−0.140	***
	(0.056)		(0.056)		(0.067)		(0.060)
School % LEP					0.150	**
					(0.073)
LEP Herfindahl Index			−0.005		0.008		−0.012	***
			(0.004)		(0.009)		(0.005)
School LEP Herfindahl					−0.015	*
					(0.009)
% Female	0.102	***	0.102	***	0.102	***	0.126	***
	(0.030)		(0.030)		(0.030)		(0.036)
% Black	−0.135	***	−0.136	***	−0.138	***	−0.147	***
	(0.032)		(0.032)		(0.032)		(0.036)
% Hispanic	0.151	***	0.155	***	0.158	***	0.170	***
	(0.058)		(0.058)		(0.058)		(0.063)
% FRL Student	−0.090	***	−0.089	***	−0.090	***	−0.078	***
	(0.019)		(0.019)		(0.019)		(0.022)
% Transfer	0.046	***	0.046	***	0.046	***	0.045	***
	(0.004)		(0.004)		(0.004)		(0.005)
Mean Std. Score	−0.099	***	−0.099	***	−0.098	***	−0.110	***
	(0.007)		(0.007)		(0.007)		(0.008)
SD Std. Score	−0.028	**	−0.028	**	−0.028	*	−0.028	*
	(0.014)		(0.014)		(0.014)		(0.017)
Student Characteristics
Last Yr. Std. Score	−0.231	***	−0.231	***	−0.231	***	−0.234	***
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
FRL Student	−0.001		−0.001		−0.001		−0.001
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
Transferred Schools	−0.006	***	−0.006	***	−0.006	***	−0.008	***
	(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.002)
Observations	597,036		597,036		597,036		447,983
Exclude Grades w/o LEPs?	No		No		No		Yes
Student Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
School Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes
Grade-by-year Fixed Effects?	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes

Notes: In addition to the variables shown, each regression also includes control variables for grade size and for the teacher characteristics listed in Table 1. Standard errors clustered at the school + grade + year level (such as Washington Elementary, 3^rd Grade, 2008) are in parentheses. *, **, and *** denote statistical significance of a two-sided test at the ten, five, and one-percent levels, respectively.