From: Born abroad and educated here: examining the impacts of education and skill mismatch among immigrant graduates in Europe
Overeducation
Overskilling
Italy
0.13
0.11
Spain
0.17
0.15
France
0.04
0.14
Austria
0.10
0.08
Germany
0.05
0.09
Netherlands
0.07
UK
Finland
0.06
Norway
0.03
Portugal
Belgium
0.02