Table 2 Tests of difference in means for subsamples

Education spending

14.22

19.53

−5.314***

−1.528

Remittance income

104.39

SLC pass rate

57.96

60.88

−2.929***

−0.397

Number remitters

1.62

Urban

0.279

0.402

−0.123***

−0.0121

Share ages 4-7

0.0831

0.0767

0.00642*

−0.00323

Share ages 8-15

0.193

0.183

0.01

−0.00515

Share ages 16-64

0.576

0.61

−0.0341***

−0.00651

Share elderly

0.0776

0.0664

0.0113*

−0.00461

Farm income

1.916

2.935

−1.019

−1.236

Business income

60.62

80.52

−19.89

−19.54

Wage income

36.52

75.90

−39.37***

−4.10

Married couples

0.77

1.082

−0.312***

−0.0175

Household production

5.581

5.086

0.495**

−0.19

External (n = 1718)

Internal (n = 1989)

Difference

Standard Error

Education spending

14.69

14.07

0.625

−1.029

Remittance income

129.9

54.61

75.26**

−28.05

SLC pass rate

57.8

57.82

−0.0191

−0.471

Number remitters

1.732

1.817

−0.0853*

−0.0356

Urban

0.274

0.265

0.00862

−0.0146

Share ages 4-7

0.0921

0.0771

0.0150***

−0.0043

Share ages 8-15

0.205

0.182

0.0227***

−0.00675

Share ages 16-64

0.557

0.586

−0.0290***

−0.00842

Share elderly

0.0697

0.0844

−0.0146*

−0.00601

Farm income

2.984

1.436

1.548

−2.239

Business income

36.17

74.59

−38.42

−28.95

Wage income

30.31

39.35

−9.04**

−3.06

Married couples

0.692

0.814

−0.123***

−0.0239

Household production

5.487

5.771

−0.285

−0.25

Noremit (n = 2810)

Internal (n = 1989)

Difference

Standard Error

Education spending

19.53

14.07

5.460**

−1.897

Remittance income

SLC pass rate

60.88

57.82

3.062***

−0.451

Number remitters

0

1.817

−1.817***

−0.0209

Urban

0.402

0.265

0.137***

−0.0138

Share ages 4-7

0.0767

0.0771

−0.000401

−0.00353

Share ages 8-15

0.183

0.182

0.00112

−0.0057

Share ages 16-64

0.61

0.586

0.0238**

−0.00735

Share elderly

0.0664

0.0844

−0.0180***

−0.00534

Farm income

2.935

1.436

1.499

−1.304

Business income

80.52

74.59

5.926

−24.54

Wage income

75.89

39.35

36.54***

−5.02

Married couples

1.082

0.814

0.268***

−0.0195

Household production

5.086

5.771

−0.685**

−0.223

Noremit (n = 2810)

External (n = 1718)

Difference

Standard Error

Education spending

19.53

14.69

4.835*

−2.035

Remittance income

SLC pass rate

60.88

57.8

3.081***

−0.482

Number remitters

0

1.732

−1.732***

−0.0198

Urban

0.402

0.274

0.129***

−0.0145

Share ages 4-7

0.0767

0.0921

−0.0154***

−0.00383

Share ages 8-15

0.183

0.205

−0.0216***

−0.00608

Share ages 16-64

0.61

0.557

0.0528***

−0.00755

Share elderly

0.0664

0.0697

−0.00339

−0.00511

Farm income

2.935

2.984

−0.0487

−1.613

Business income

80.52

36.17

44.35***

−11.8

Wage income

75.89

30.31

45.58***

−53.284

Married couples

1.082

0.692

0.391***

−0.0203

Household production

5.086

5.487

−0.4

−0.225