Table 8 First stage estimates for IV estimation

Variables

Remittance

SLC Pass Rate * Remit

IV

SLC pass rate

0.710

168.156***

−0.002*

(0.61)

(2.65)

(−1.82)

Urban household

25.933

1945.060

−0.091**

(1.17)

(1.54)

(−1.96)

Share 4 to 7

−40.249

−2673.915

−0.688***

(−0.74)

(−0.66)

(−3.48)

Share 8 to 15

60.421

1820.742

−0.532***

(0.49)

(0.29)

(−3.16)

Share16 to 64

29.739

1164.112

−0.340***

(0.44)

(0.30)

(−2.10)

Share elderly

82.661

2436.116

0.088

(0.47)

(0.28)

(0.46)

Farm income

−0.149

−7.627

0.0003

(−1.15)

(−1.21)

(−1.01)

Enterprise income

0.002

0.097

0.00001

(0.47)

(0.38)

(0.25)

Wage income

0.213

10.224

0.0003

(0.86)

(0.83)

(−1.48)

Married couples

13.685

544.111

0.014

(0.50)

(0.40)

(0.50)

Home production

1.999

86.977

0.009**

(0.88)

(0.76)

(1.95)

Class A

−49.823

−600.459

−0.354***

(−0.83)

(−0.21)

(−4.74)

Class B

−65.691**

−3744.811**

−0.074

(−1.81)

(−2.13)

(−1.41)

Class C

−41.605

−2338.092

−0.131***

(−1.40)

(−1.60)

(−2.91)

Migration rate

−83.973

−4244.088

−0.036

(−0.81)

(−0.86)

(−0.31)

Constant

26.553

−4581.797

2.130

(0.82)

(−2.04)

(11.86)

Observations

5,988

5,988

5,988