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Table 2 Effects of low-skilled immigration on the joint likelihood using a grouped probit model

From: Can immigrants help women “have it all”? Immigrant labor and women’s joint fertility and labor supply decisions

Dependent variable: normit of joint likelihood of birth and labor force participation

  

IV

IV

1

2

3

4

Share working age low-skilled immigrant (LSI)

−0.00458

0.703***

2.145***

2.274***

 

(0.0848)

(0.225)

(0.715)

(0.830)

Proportion married

1.040***

1.723***

1.719***

1.747***

 

(0.0802)

(0.188)

(0.172)

(0.182)

Proportion black

0.211*

0.908*

0.555

0.502

 

(0.114)

(0.507)

(0.457)

(0.475)

Proportion other race

−0.0112

−4.450***

−4.776***

−4.625***

 

(0.0726)

(0.810)

(0.873)

(0.858)

Log mean income of males with college

   

−0.196

    

(0.170)

Age group fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Region-year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

MSA fixed effects

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Effect of average change in LSI, 1980–2000

−0.000011

0.0018

0.00545

0.00578

First stage F (excluded instrument)

  

33.75

71.48

Number of observations

708

708

708

708

  1. The data consist of MSA-year-age group means of the dependent and explanatory variables for non-Hispanic US-born college graduate women not enrolled in school. All equations include the explanatory variables described in the notes to Table 1. Each of the MSA-year-age group cells is weighted by the population of women represented by the cell, and the robust standard errors in parentheses are clustered by MSA. Reported effects are the change in the underlying dependent variable that would be caused by the change in the share working age low-skilled immigrant experienced by the average member of the sample. *p < .10; **p < .05; ***p < .01
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