From: Migration magnet: the role of work experience in rural–urban wage differentials
Informal | Formal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | |||||
Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | Mean | Std Dev | |
Hourly wage | 23.40 | 22.01 | 17.12 | 17.81 | 29.98 | 25.03 | 24.07 | 20.85 |
Female | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.29 | 0.45 |
Married | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.56 | 0.50 |
Indigenous | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.31 |
HH head | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 |
High education | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.32 | 0.47 |
Age 16–25 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.20 | 0.40 |
Age 26–35 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.31 | 0.46 |
Age 36–45 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.44 |
Age >46 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
Experience | 21.04 | 13.26 | 23.75 | 13.97 | 20.37 | 11.36 | 21.95 | 12.63 |
Hours/year | 2101.37 | 958.78 | 1976.26 | 991.16 | 2283.89 | 801.48 | 2193.66 | 921.60 |
Raven test | 0.55 | 0.23 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.59 | 0.23 | 0.54 | 0.24 |
Honest | 0.81 | 0.39 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.82 | 0.39 |
Risky | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.49 |
Health | 2.70 | 0.64 | 2.66 | 0.63 | 2.80 | 0.63 | 2.71 | 0.70 |
HH size | 9.96 | 4.56 | 10.65 | 4.94 | 9.39 | 4.18 | 9.92 | 3.97 |
Nr. of infants | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.40 | 0.65 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.38 | 0.66 |
Nr. of elderly | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.40 | 0.91 | 0.32 | 0.86 | 0.46 | 1.04 |
Farm | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.42 |
HDI health | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.07 |
HDI education | 0.85 | 0.04 | 0.80 | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.03 | 0.82 | 0.06 |
HDI income | 0.75 | 0.07 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 0.08 |
N | 1594 | 1077 | 1129 | 298 |