From: Migration magnet: the role of work experience in rural–urban wage differentials
All OLS | All Heck | All OLS | All Heck | Rural OLS | Rural Heck | Urban OLS | Urban Heck | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | 0.099*** | 0.093*** | −0.051 | −0.048 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.032) | (0.034) | (0.103) | (0.103) | |||||
Exp × Urban | -- | -- | 0.015** | 0.014** | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.007) | (0.007) | |||||||
Exp2 × Urban | -- | -- | −0.000** | −0.000** | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.000) | (0.000) | |||||||
High edu. ×Urban | -- | -- | −0.035 | −0.036 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.074) | (0.073) | |||||||
Raven × Urban | -- | -- | −0.009 | −0.009 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
(0.105) | (0.106) | |||||||
Experience | 0.014*** | 0.016*** | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.020*** | 0.023*** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.005) | (0.006) | |
Experience2 | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000 | −0.000* | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000*** | −0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
High education | 0.181*** | 0.174*** | 0.213*** | 0.206*** | 0.173** | 0.150** | 0.189*** | 0.193*** |
(0.038) | (0.037) | (0.066) | (0.066) | (0.077) | (0.076) | (0.045) | (0.045) | |
Raven test | 0.106** | 0.111** | 0.109 | 0.113 | 0.093 | 0.101 | 0.106 | 0.110 |
(0.053) | (0.054) | (0.079) | (0.081) | (0.080) | (0.081) | (0.071) | (0.074) | |
Hours/year | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** | −0.000*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Married | 0.098*** | 0.025 | 0.098*** | 0.035 | 0.053 | 0.002 | 0.107*** | −0.007 |
(0.027) | (0.062) | (0.027) | (0.062) | (0.045) | (0.072) | (0.035) | (0.098) | |
Indigenous | −0.063 | −0.073* | −0.063 | −0.072* | −0.107** | −0.115** | −0.043 | −0.060 |
(0.042) | (0.044) | (0.042) | (0.043) | (0.054) | (0.058) | (0.075) | (0.071) | |
Female | −0.200*** | −0.408** | −0.201*** | −0.381** | −0.285*** | −0.497* | −0.160*** | −0.401** |
(0.038) | (0.163) | (0.038) | (0.164) | (0.065) | (0.256) | (0.048) | (0.199) | |
HH head | 0.023 | 0.086 | 0.023 | 0.077 | 0.065 | 0.124 | 0.006 | 0.089 |
(0.032) | (0.058) | (0.032) | (0.058) | (0.049) | (0.085) | (0.042) | (0.079) | |
HH size | −0.001 | 0.002 | −0.001 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.007 | −0.004 | 0.001 |
(0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.005) | |
HDI health | 0.123 | −0.111 | 0.133 | −0.069 | −0.308 | −0.516 | 0.350 | −0.059 |
(0.461) | (0.530) | (0.461) | (0.527) | (0.643) | (0.793) | (0.844) | (0.853) | |
HDI education | −0.096 | −0.148 | −0.092 | −0.138 | −0.723 | −0.735 | 1.271 | 0.742 |
(0.480) | (0.494) | (0.479) | (0.491) | (0.557) | (0.575) | (1.536) | (1.420) | |
HDI income | 1.453*** | 1.725*** | 1.462*** | 1.698*** | 2.278*** | 2.579*** | 0.162 | 0.634 |
(0.356) | (0.425) | (0.355) | (0.424) | (0.499) | (0.640) | (0.705) | (0.804) | |
Constant | 2.102*** | 1.922*** | 2.187*** | 2.027*** | 2.695*** | 2.517*** | 1.702** | 1.782*** |
(0.333) | (0.362) | (0.338) | (0.366) | (0.448) | (0.516) | (0.733) | (0.683) | |
Mills Lambda λ | -- | 0.260 | -- | 0.224 | -- | 0.208 | -- | 0.371 |
(0.199) | (0.200) | (0.244) | (0.297) | |||||
State dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Industry dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Occup. dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 2671 | 9446 | 2671 | 9446 | 1077 | 3824 | 1594 | 5622 |
R2 | 0.338 | 0.340 | 0.351 | 0.312 |