Table 8 First-stage/remittance equation estimates by gender, urban and rural households

Age

0.0182

0.0040

−0.0012

0.0143

(0.0197)

(0.0215)

(0.0255)

(0.0179)

Male

0.0044

0.1344

(0.1186)

(0.0892)

Household income per capita

−0.0000

−0.0000

−0.0002

−0.0000

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

(0.0001)

Poverty indicator

−0.1884

−0.2005

−0.0638

−0.2886**

(0.1080)

(0.1117)

(0.1362)

(0.0898)

Rural

−0.0776

0.1609

(0.1116)

(0.1229)

HH age

0.0175***

0.0159***

0.0231***

0.0131***

(0.0032)

(0.0037)

(0.0040)

(0.0030)

HH female

0.3920***

0.4120***

0.3838**

0.4154***

(0.1003)

(0.0990)

(0.1215)

(0.0874)

HH married

−0.0152

−0.1750

−0.1432

−0.0921

(0.0916)

(0.0907)

(0.1091)

(0.0789)

Max education

0.0179

−0.0096

0.0543***

−0.0114

(0.0138)

(0.0128)

(0.0156)

(0.0114)

Children 0–5

0.0685

0.0084

0.0164

0.0859

(0.0462)

(0.0559)

(0.0500)

(0.0480)

Boys 6–17

0.0547

−0.0651

−0.0865

0.0679

(0.0413)

(0.0522)

(0.0503)

(0.0422)

Girls 6–17

0.0414

0.1145*

−0.0392

0.1536***

(0.0456)

(0.0458)

(0.0583)

(0.0395)

Spanish first language

−0.0008

−0.0804

−0.1530

0.4972

(0.1312)

(0.1363)

(0.1060)

(0.3403)

Wealth index

−0.1554*

−0.0453

−0.1776*

−0.1326

(0.0649)

(0.0643)

(0.0880)

(0.0733)

Share of households receiving remittances

5.6515***

7.6036***

10.6868***

4.9584**

(1.4282)

(1.4798)

(2.3359)

(1.9128)

Share*wealth

1.9761**

1.4407*

2.4640**

2.1800**

(0.6427)

(0.6318)

(0.8744)

(0.7331)

Constant

−3.1419***

−2.7499***

−3.4957***

−3.2247***

(0.3600)

(0.3518)

(0.4557)

(0.4917)

ρ ₁₂

0.5911

0.6164*

1.0518***

0.9456

(0.3042)

(0.2560)

(0.2271)

(0.7980)