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Table 9 Estimation results of intensity of work, Ln(hours per week + 1), children age 7–13

From: Remittances and child labor in Bolivia

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

 

Tobit

2SLS

IV Tobit

Bivariate Tobit

Ln(remittances + 1)

−0.0365

−0.3103***

−2.0792***

−0.3456**

 

(0.0408)

(0.0760)

(0.5027)

(0.1071)

Age

0.3576***

0.0874***

0.3646***

0.3587***

 

(0.0336)

(0.0093)

(0.0428)

(0.0340)

Male

0.3445*

0.1226**

0.4839*

0.3680*

 

(0.1625)

(0.0469)

(0.2117)

(0.1646)

Household income per capita

0.0004**

0.0001**

0.0005**

0.0004**

 

(0.0001)

(0.0000)

(0.0002)

(0.0001)

Poverty indicator

−0.0625

−0.0446

−0.5011

−0.1549

 

(0.1980)

(0.0541)

(0.2770)

(0.2007)

Rural

2.7294***

0.6771***

2.7957***

2.7262***

 

(0.1788)

(0.0591)

(0.2358)

(0.1802)

HH age

0.0026

0.0068**

0.0345**

0.0073

 

(0.0061)

(0.0021)

(0.0113)

(0.0064)

HH female

0.0730

0.1729**

1.1981**

0.2537

 

(0.1975)

(0.0647)

(0.3672)

(0.2098)

HH married

0.2672

0.0425

0.0627

0.2314

 

(0.1526)

(0.0415)

(0.1964)

(0.1531)

Max education

−0.0503*

−0.0024

−0.0518

−0.0501*

 

(0.0231)

(0.0061)

(0.0297)

(0.0234)

Children 0–5

−0.0232

0.0149

0.0997

0.0002

 

(0.0792)

(0.0242)

(0.1034)

(0.0801)

Boys 6–17

0.1231

0.0283

0.1756

0.1337

 

(0.0771)

(0.0239)

(0.0984)

(0.0780)

Girls 6–17

0.2591***

0.0778***

0.4345***

0.2897***

 

(0.0731)

(0.0231)

(0.1062)

(0.0750)

Spanish first language

−1.6864***

−0.8026***

−1.8707***

−1.7215***

 

(0.1705)

(0.0723)

(0.2272)

(0.1740)

Wealth index

−0.2374***

−0.0418**

−0.0856

−0.2143***

 

(0.0466)

(0.0151)

(0.0689)

(0.0480)

Constant

−6.4294***

−0.2371

−6.9997***

−6.4940***

 

(0.5557)

(0.1611)

(0.7126)

(0.5609)

Number

5351

5351

5351

5351

F

173.0204

86.0245

  

χ 2

  

1302.5538

3056.4818

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001