Table 3 Summary statistics of MMP male household heads’ last US trip

Duration of the last US trip (months)

30.73

58.41

19.33*

38.63

70.18

89.74

Age (years)

34.70

10.03

35.10*

10.08

33.32

9.76

Years of schooling

5.27

3.81

4.90*

3.78

6.54

3.65

Consensual union (%)

7

26

7*

26

9

29

Never married (%)

2

15

1*

11

6

23

Once married but not now (%)

1

8

1

7

1

10

Currently married (%)

90

30

91*

28

84

36

Num. of children under 18

2.70

2.15

2.84*

2.22

2.22

1.82

Num. of adult children

0.66

1.72

0.69*

1.77

0.55

1.53

Num. of daughters under 18

1.31

1.33

1.37*

1.36

1.10

1.22

Num. of sons under 18

1.31

1.63

1.38*

1.33

1.05

1.10

Num. of children aged 0–4

0.79

1.29

0.84*

0.91

0.62

0.76

Num. of children aged 5–8

0.71

0.90

0.75*

0.93

0.55

0.76

Num. of children aged 9–12

0.60

0.89

0.64*

0.92

0.47

0.76

Num. of children aged 13–16

0.50

0.87

0.53*

0.90

0.40

0.75

Num. of children aged 17–18

0.21

0.48

0.22*

0.49

0.17

0.43

Num. of children under 18 traveling

0.07

0.43

0.06*

0.35

0.13

0.62

Num. of children under 18 waiting

2.63

2.16

2.78*

2.22

2.09

1.81

Num. of adult children traveling

0.07

0.42

0.07

0.40

0.09

0.48

Num. of adult children waiting

0.59

1.58

0.62*

1.63

0.46

1.37

Num. of sons under 18 traveling

0.05

0.28

0.04*

0.24

0.08

0.40

Num. of daughters under 18 traveling

0.03

0.22

0.02*

0.18

0.06

0.32

Num. of sons under 18 waiting

1.26

1.28

1.35*

1.32

0.97

1.07

Num. of daughters under 18 waiting

1.28

1.33

1.35*

1.36

1.05

1.21

Spouse traveling with (%)

7

26

5*

23

13

34

Spouse visited (%)

2

13

1*

9

5

22

Spouse waiting (%)

91

29

94*

24

82

39

Number of US trips

3.97

4.96

3.97

5.04

3.97

4.65

Green card or citizenship (%)

22

41

16*

36

42

49

Visa (%)

11

31

14*

34

3

16

Travel illegally (%)

67

47

71*

45

55

50

English proficiency

1.24

1.33

0.99*

1.21

2.11

1.38

IRCA (%)

61

49

55*

50

81

40

Searched job (%)

26

44

25*

43

29

45

Contracted job (%)

12

32

15*

35

3

16

Recommended job (%)

59

49

58*

49

65

48

Other job (%)

1

8

0

7

1

10

No job (%)

2

16

3

16

2

15

Distance between Mexico-US (km)

1401

409

1385*

417

1455

372

US unemployment rate

5.91

1.31

5.94*

1.33

5.82

1.24

Mexico unemployment rate

4.08

1.52

4.18*

1.57

3.76

1.32

Exchange rate

4.30

3.99

3.95*

3.93

5.37

3.97

Monthly wage in the US ($)

1063.59

1175.25

961.76*

857.78

1419.42

1864.64

Num. of observations