Table 5 Detailed summary statistics for sole- and multiple-sibling migrants

=1 if multiple-sibling migrant

0.76 (0.42)

0.74 (0.44)

=1 if aged 15 to 25; =0 otherwise

0.3 (0.46)

0.37 (0.48)

0.27 (0.45)

3.05***

0.19 (0.39)

=1 if aged 26 to 35; =0 otherwise

0.45 (0.5)

0.42 (0.49)

0.46 (0.5)

−1.13

0.53 (0.50)

=1 if aged 26 to 45; =0 otherwise

0.17 (0.38)

0.12 (0.33)

0.19 (0.39)

−2.32**

0.21 (0.41)

=1 if aged 46+; =0 otherwise

0.08 (0.28)

0.09 (0.28)

0.08 (0.28)

0.15

0.08 (0.27)

χ ² test for age dummies

11.66***

 Birth rank

2.21 (1.40)

1.40 (0.68)

2.45 (1.47)

−15.99***

1.94 (1.21)

  =1 if male; =0 otherwise

0.57 (0.5)

0.61 (0.49)

0.55 (0.5)

1.49*

0.60 (0.49)

  =1 if university education; =0 otherwise

0.18 (0.38)

0.15 (0.36)

0.18 (0.39)

−1.20

0.22 (0.41)

  =1 if secondary education; =0 otherwise

0.63 (0.48)

0.61 (0.49)

0.64 (0.48)

−0.61

0.62 (0.49)

  =1 if primary education; =0 otherwise

0.19 (0.39)

0.23 (0.42)

0.18 (0.38)

1.92**

0.16 (0.37)

χ ² test for education dummies

4.27

 =1 if employed; =0 otherwise

0.6 (0.49)

0.54 (0.5)

0.62 (0.49)

−2.24**

0.84 (0.37)

 =1 if self-employed; =0 otherwise

0.1 (0.3)

0.09 (0.28)

0.1 (0.3)

−0.76

0.10 (0.29)

 =1 if unemployed/student; =0 otherwise

0.30 (0.46)

0.37 (0.48)

0.28 (0.45)

2.90***

0.07 (0.25)

χ ² test for employment dummies

15.73***

 =1 if married; =0 otherwise

0.46 (0.5)

0.39 (0.49)

0.48 (0.5)

−2.50**

0.55 (0.50)

 =1 if lives with spouse and/or children; =0 otherwise

0.39 (0.49)

0.3 (0.46)

0.42 (0.49)

−3.35***

0.45 (0.50)

 =1 if lives with relatives and/or friends; =0 otherwise

0.2 (0.4)

0.17 (0.37)

0.21 (0.41)

−1.44*

0.12 (0.32)

 =1 if lives alone; =0 otherwise

0.41 (0.49)

0.53 (0.5)

0.38 (0.48)

4.51***

0.43 (0.50)

χ ² test for living situation dummies

20.21***

 Migration length spline 1

3.63 (1.54)

3.13 (1.58)

3.78 (1.5)

−6.02***

3.88 (1.44)

 Migration length spline 2

2.76 (5.88)

1.25 (3.35)

3.22 (6.39)

−4.74***

2.65 (5.09)

  =1 receives transfers from the household of origin; =0 otherwise

0.17 (038)

0.28 (0.45)

0.14 (0.34)

5.42***

0.06 (0.24)

  =1 if located in external destination; =0 otherwise

0.39 (0.49)

0.49 (0.5)

0.35 (0.48)

4.08***

0.41 (0.49)

  =1 if head aged 25 to 44; =0 otherwise

0.08 (0.27)

0.15 (0.36)

0.06 (0.23)

5.02***

0.05 (0.23)

  =1 if head aged 45 to 54; =0 otherwise

0.25 (0.44)

0.36 (0.48)

0.22 (0.41)

4.60***

0.22 (0.41)

  =1 if head aged 55 to 65; =0 otherwise

0.29 (0.46)

0.25 (0.44)

0.31 (0.46)

−1.62*

0.31 (0.46)

  =1 if head aged 66 or more; =0 otherwise

0.37 (0.48)

0.23 (0.42)

0.42 (0.49)

−5.41***

0.42(0.49)

χ ² test for head age dummies

57.96***

 =1 if head has university education; =0 otherwise

0.1 (0.29)

0.1 (0.3)

0.09 (0.29)

0.127

0.07 (0.26)

 =1 if head has secondary education; =0 otherwise

0.39 (0.49)

0.34 (0.47)

0.4 (0.49)

−1.87**

0.38 (0.49)

 =1 if head has primary education; =0 otherwise

0.52 (0.5)

0.56 (0.5)

0.5 (0.5)

1.75**

0.55 (0.50)

χ ² test for education dummies

3.64

 =1 if head is employed; =0 otherwise

0.18 (0.38)

0.28 (0.45)

0.15 (0.36)

4.99***

0.14 (0.35)

 =1 if head is self-employed; =0 otherwise

0.38 (0.49)

0.42 (0.49)

0.37 (0.48)

1.2

0.41 (0.49)

 =1 if head is unemployed; =0 otherwise

0.15 (0.35)

0.14 (0.35)

0.15 (0.35)

−0.08

0.13 (0.33)

 =1 if head is retired; =0 otherwise

0.29 (0.45)

0.16 (0.36)

0.33 (0.47)

−5.48***

0.32 (0.47)

χ ² test for employment dummies

41.67***

 Proportion of elderly people

0.21 (0.27)

0.09 (0.14)

0.25 (0.29)

−8.35***

0.22 (0.25)

  =1 if the household owns land/house; =0 otherwise

0.88 (0.32)

0.86 (0.34)

0.89 (0.31)

−1.19

0.91 (0.28)

  =1 if head is male; =0 otherwise

0.69 (0.46)

0.65 (0.48)

0.7 (0.46)

−1.61*

0.67 (0.47)

 Proportion of children

0.06 (0.12)

0.08 (0.13)

0.06 (0.11)

2.15**

0.07 (0.12)

 Household size

4.48 (2.24)

5.22 (2.11)

4.25 (2.23)

6.18***

4.70 (2.11)

  =1 if non-sibling migrant present; =0 otherwise

0.13 (0.33)

0.08 (0.27)

0.14 (0.35)

−2.47**

0.09 (0.28)

  =1 if the household in urban location; =0 otherwise

0.42 (0.49)

0.47 (0.5)

0.4 (0.49)

1.80**

0.35 (0.48)

N

1092

257

835

542