The regional impact of cultural diversity on wages: evidence from Australia

Elias, Amanuel; Paradies, Yin

doi:10.1186/s40176-016-0060-4

Table 1 Weighted mean and standard errors of demographic and socio-economic variables

From: The regional impact of cultural diversity on wages: evidence from Australia

Variables	Waves 1–11		Wave 4–11
Variables	Mean	Jackknife std. err.	Mean	Jackknife std. err.
Gender (female = 1; male = 0)	0.523	0.043	0.523	0.053
Ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0)	0.782	0.031	0.789	0.035
Geographic origin
Australian	0.759	0.026	0.767	0.032
Indigenous	0.022	0.014	0.022	0.019
Asia-Pacific	0.111	0.044	0.109	0.046
Europeans and North Americans	0.068	0.029	0.063	0.030
East Europeans	0.005	0.009	0.005	0.010
Middle East, Africans, and Latin Americans	0.034	0.013	0.033	0.014
Father’s ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0)	0.614	0.044	0.618	0.055
Mother’s ancestry (Australian-born = 1; foreign-born = 0)	0.635	0.052	0.638	0.071
Marital status
Married	0.528	0.288	0.530	0.380
Separated/divorced/widowed	0.120	0.138	0.108	0.151
Never married	0.352	0.423	0.362	0.527
How well speaks English
Not asked	0.874	0.102	0.877	0.122
Very well	0.085	0.071	0.087	0.088
Well	0.060	0.041	0.055	0.038
Not well	0.032	0.068	0.026	0.082
Highest year of school achieved
Postgrad—masters or doctorate	0.040	0.035	0.043	0.043
Grad diploma, grad certificate	0.059	0.070	0.063	0.091
Bachelor or honours	0.165	0.066	0.170	0.085
Adv. diploma, diploma	0.096	0.052	0.095	0.060
Cert III or IV	0.210	0.080	0.219	0.113
Cert I or II	0.015	0.007	0.016	0.008
Cert not defined	0.004	0.008	0.004	0.009
Year 12	0.184	0.151	0.182	0.221
Year 11 and below	0.227	0.150	0.208	0.169
State
New South Wales	0.304	0.086	0.300	0.094
Victoria	0.245	0.058	0.245	0.063
Queensland	0.217	0.030	0.220	0.032
South Australia	0.078	0.020	0.078	0.020
Western Australia	0.094	0.041	0.094	0.039
Tasmania	0.029	0.022	0.029	0.023
Northern Territory	0.011	0.013	0.011	0.015
Australia Capital Territory	0.022	0.020	0.023	0.025
Section of state
Major urban	0.661	0.032	0.655	0.050
Other urban	0.220	0.038	0.222	0.050
Bounded locality	0.022	0.013	0.022	0.011
Rural balance	0.097	0.011	0.102	0.011
Observations (weighted)	37,455		25,231
df	54		54

Means and standard errors of categorical variables are presented in this table for the combined panel of the HILDA Individual Person Respondent sample. The sample is restricted to those aged 16–45 years. Survey jackknife method was used to estimate standard errors for weighted mean values. Source: Author’s calculation based on HILDA Release 11

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