Dynamics of employment assimilation

Table 3 Structural state dependence on the employment probabilities of immigrants and natives by region of origin

Marginal effects of structural state dependence (λ)) and the standard deviation of the unobserved individual effects σ _α. The robust standard errors of the marginal effects are reported in parentheses. The figures reported in brackets are the variance of the unobserved individual effects produced by the static assimilation model (random-effects model with the Chamberlain approach). The model also controls for age and age squared; year-since-migration (and this also squared); marital status; three indicator variables to control for education (primary = 1, i.e., 9 years of education; secondary = 1, i.e., high school diploma, more than 9 years but fewer than 12 years of education; university = 1, i.e., education more than high school); large-city (Stockholm) dummy; number of children at home; log local unemployment rates; arrival year national unemployment rates; cohort fixed effects as pre-1970, 1970–1974, 1975–1979, 1980–1984, 1985–1989, 1990–1994, and 1995–2000, and pre-1970 is the base category; full set of time fixed effects; 25 regional fixed effects; first-period employment status as a part of the Wooldridge initial values method; mean age, mean number of children, and mean capital non-labor income
***, **, and * indicate significance levels at 1, 5, and 10 %, respectively