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Table 4 Male wage inequality: race, nativity, year of arrival, and age at arrival (selected coefficients)

From: Immigrant assimilation and male labor market inequality

 

All

Age ≥25

Earnings

1994–2001

2002–2007

2008–2013

Non-Hispanic generation 3+

−0.1990***

−0.224***

−0.243***

−0.189***

−0.197***

−0.209***

 

[0.0031]

[0.0033]

[0.0040]

[0.0058]

[0.0051]

[0.0053]

Hispanic generation 3+

−0.1250***

−0.159***

−0.133***

−0.106**

−0.121***

−0.133***

 

[0.0210]

[0.0239]

[0.0264]

[0.0438]

[0.0342]

[0.0334]

Generation 2

−0.135***

−0.121***

−0.189***

−0.118***

−0.141***

−0.135***

 

[0.0145]

[0.0160]

[0.0200]

[0.0305]

[0.0260]

[0.0212]

Generation 1

−0.1220

−0.134***

−0.145***

−0.0929***

−0.113***

−0.158***

 

[0.0113]

[0.0117]

[0.0143]

[0.0202]

[0.0192]

[0.0196]

Arrived pre-1965

−0.175***

−0.182***

−0.159***

−0.238***

−0.181***

−0.0247

 

[0.0251]

[0.0262]

[0.0310]

[0.0474]

[0.0416]

[0.0454]

Arrived 1965–1974

−0.213***

−0.221***

−0.224***

−0.233***

−0.232***

−0.169***

 

[0.0242]

[0.0251]

[0.0304]

[0.0472]

[0.0403]

[0.0415]

Arrived 1975–1981

−0.187***

−0.206***

−0.182***

−0.203***

−0.205***

−0.162***

 

[0.0234]

[0.0240]

[0.0294]

[0.0461]

[0.0380]

[0.0403]

Arrived 1982–1991

−0.2***

−0.24***

−0.211***

−0.244***

−0.221***

−0.143***

 

[0.0218]

[0.0225]

[0.0277]

[0.0442]

[0.0354]

[0.0363]

Arrived 1992–2001

−0.193***

−0.275***

−0.206***

−0.247***

−0.177***

−0.17***

 

[0.0224]

[0.0231]

[0.0285]

[0.0481]

[0.0355]

[0.0369]

Arrived 2002–2007

−0.188***

−0.292***

−0.216***

n.a.

−0.205***

−0.142***

 

[0.0269]

[0.0278]

[0.0345]

 

[0.0503]

[0.0386]

Arrived 2008–2013

−0.223***

−0.355***

−0.39***

n.a.

n.a.

−0.189***

 

[0.0474]

[0.0478]

[0.0623]

  

[0.0551]

Child (≤12)

0.154***

0.154***

0.16***

0.155***

0.172***

0.117***

 

[0.0226]

[0.0239]

[0.0287]

[0.0459]

[0.0371]

[0.0372]

Adolescent (13–17)

0.0999***

0.0883***

0.136***

0.107**

0.077

0.13***

 

[0.0245]

[0.0256]

[0.0309]

[0.0498]

[0.0398]

[0.0400]

Emerging adult (18–25)

0.0313

0.0476**

0.0646**

0.0453

0.00818

0.0483

 

[0.0219]

[0.0224]

[0.0276]

[0.0452]

[0.0352]

[0.0359]

Young adult (26–34)

−0.113***

−0.0442*

−0.119***

−0.0811*

−0.115***

−0.135***

 

[0.0231]

[0.0234]

[0.0291]

[0.0482]

[0.0371]

[0.0373]

Advanced adult (35–44)

−0.165***

−0.0981***

−0.136***

−0.142**

−0.199***

−0.151***

 

[0.0276]

[0.0279]

[0.0343]

[0.0576]

[0.0438]

[0.0452]

Middle-age (45–54)

−0.194***

−0.129***

−0.153***

−0.161**

−0.189***

−0.217***

 

[0.0376]

[0.0378]

[0.0477]

[0.0727]

[0.0645]

[0.0611]

Senior (55–64)

−0.123

0.0112

−0.118

−0.233

−0.0428

−0.121

 

[0.1082]

[0.1073]

[0.1379]

[0.3069]

[0.1402]

[0.1607]

R-sq

0.4248

0.2394

0.4752

0.412

0.4399

0.4217

N

703,797

590,439

703,867

226,511

249,335

227,951

  1. Source: author’s calculations. March CPS, 1994–2013. Additional control variables also include educational status (11 years or less, 13–15 years, 16 years, 17 years or more), age, age2, age3, marital status, limitation on the amount or type of work, region, size of city, year, and state fixed effects. Standard errors are reported in brackets
  2. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01