Table 7 Estimates of wage penalty, by age-on-arrival, cohort, and ethnicity (selected coefficients)
From: Immigrant assimilation and male labor market inequality
Caribbean-English | Caribbean-Spanish | Haiti | African-English | African-French | African-Other | Other immig. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arrived 1992–2001 | |||||||
Child (≤12) | −0.0839 | −0.1790 | −0.2450 | −0.1930 | −0.3050 | −0.2450 | −0.1710 |
Adolescent (13–17) | −0.1434 | −0.2385 | −0.3045 | −0.2525 | −0.3645 | −0.3045 | −0.2305 |
Emerging adult (18–25) | −0.1995 | −0.2946 | −0.3606 | −0.3086 | −0.4206 | −0.3606 | −0.2866 |
Young adult (26–34) | −0.3389 | −0.4340 | −0.5000 | −0.4480 | −0.5600 | −0.5000 | −0.4260 |
Advanced adult (35–44) | −0.3999 | −0.4950 | −0.5610 | −0.5090 | −0.6210 | −0.5610 | −0.4870 |
Middle-age (45–54) | −0.4279 | −0.5230 | −0.5890 | −0.5370 | −0.6490 | −0.5890 | −0.5150 |
Senior (55–64) | −0.3559 | −0.4510 | −0.5170 | −0.4650 | −0.5770 | −0.5170 | −0.4430 |
Arrived 1982–1991 | |||||||
Child (≤12) | −0.1079 | −0.2030 | −0.2690 | −0.2170 | −0.3290 | −0.2690 | −0.1950 |
Adolescent (13–17) | −0.1674 | −0.2625 | −0.3285 | −0.2765 | −0.3885 | −0.3285 | −0.2545 |
Emerging adult (18–25) | −0.2235 | −0.3186 | −0.3846 | −0.3326 | −0.4446 | −0.3846 | −0.3106 |
Young adult (26–34) | −0.3629 | −0.4580 | −0.5240 | −0.4720 | −0.5840 | −0.5240 | −0.4500 |
Advanced adult (35–44) | −0.4239 | −0.5190 | −0.5850 | −0.5330 | −0.6450 | −0.5850 | −0.5110 |
Middle-age (45–54) | −0.4519 | −0.5470 | −0.6130 | −0.5610 | −0.6730 | −0.6130 | −0.5390 |
Senior (55–64) | −0.3799 | −0.4750 | −0.5410 | −0.4890 | −0.6010 | −0.5410 | −0.4670 |
Arrived 1975–1981 | |||||||
Child (≤12) | −0.0969 | −0.1920 | −0.2580 | −0.2060 | −0.3180 | −0.2580 | −0.1840 |
Adolescent (13–17) | −0.1564 | −0.2515 | −0.3175 | −0.2655 | −0.3775 | −0.3175 | −0.2435 |
Emerging adult (18–25) | −0.2125 | −0.3076 | −0.3736 | −0.3216 | −0.4336 | −0.3736 | −0.2996 |
Young adult (26–34) | −0.3519 | −0.4470 | −0.5130 | −0.4610 | −0.5730 | −0.5130 | −0.4390 |
Advanced adult (35–44) | −0.4129 | −0.5080 | −0.5740 | −0.5220 | −0.6340 | −0.5740 | −0.5000 |
Middle-age (45–54) | −0.4409 | −0.5360 | −0.6020 | −0.5500 | −0.6620 | −0.6020 | −0.5280 |
Senior (55–64) | −0.3689 | −0.4640 | −0.5300 | −0.4780 | −0.5900 | −0.5300 | −0.4560 |