Skill composition of immigration flows and the measurement of education-occupation mismatch

Poot, Jacques; Stillman, Steven

doi:10.1186/s40176-016-0066-y

Table 5 The relationship between years of overeducation and individual characteristics by qualification for men

From: Skill composition of immigration flows and the measurement of education-occupation mismatch

	No quals	School quals	Post-school certificate	Post-school diploma	Bachelor degree	Higher degree
Potential experience	−0.006**	−0.066**	−0.014**	−0.028**	−0.008**	0.004
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
Pot Exp-squared/100	−0.007**	0.083**	0.025**	0.030**	−0.010**	−0.045**
	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.005)
Currently married/de facto	−0.152**	−0.213**	−0.133**	−0.117**	−0.098**	0.018
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.022)
Previously married	−0.019**	−0.000	0.047**	0.018	0.012	0.075**
	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.015)	(0.019)	(0.027)
Couple with no children	0.037**	0.047**	0.054**	−0.027*	−0.054**	−0.083**
	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.013)	(0.015)	(0.022)
Couple with children	0.041**	0.041**	0.058**	−0.040**	−0.049**	−0.082**
	(0.005)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.020)
Single parent	0.017**	0.057**	0.064**	−0.003	0.019	−0.027
	(0.006)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.018)	(0.022)	(0.034)
Lives in urban area	−0.034**	−0.105**	−0.089**	−0.205**	−0.292**	−0.213**
	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.023)
Hours worked at main job	0.001**	0.000*	0.001**	−0.004**	−0.011**	−0.014**
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Has multiple jobs	−0.110**	−0.017**	−0.204**	−0.117**	−0.098**	−0.331**
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.014)
Australia	0.866**	0.102**	0.293**	−0.046	−0.162**	−0.030
	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.024)	(0.023)	(0.032)
Pacific Islands	0.061**	0.454**	−0.137**	0.224**	−0.217**	−0.095*
	(0.004)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.018)	(0.022)	(0.041)
British Isles	0.105**	−0.113**	0.059**	−0.097**	−0.251**	−0.068**
	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.007)	(0.010)	(0.009)
Western Europe	0.327**	−0.231**	0.017	−0.078**	−0.058	0.005
	(0.023)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.025)	(0.030)	(0.031)
Northern Europe	0.973**	0.603**	0.402**	−0.176	−0.077	0.104
	(0.073)	(0.058)	(0.051)	(0.120)	(0.097)	(0.098)
Southern Europe	−0.840**	−0.478**	−0.035	−0.037	−0.160	−0.222
	(0.063)	(0.061)	(0.062)	(0.107)	(0.130)	(0.120)
South-Eastern Europe	0.326**	0.132**	0.146**	0.151*	0.247**	0.297**
	(0.045)	(0.032)	(0.033)	(0.066)	(0.042)	(0.065)
Eastern Europe	0.533**	0.137**	0.123**	0.404**	0.204**	0.194**
	(0.072)	(0.038)	(0.040)	(0.067)	(0.058)	(0.061)
North Africa/Middle East	−1.504**	−0.538**	−0.436**	0.199**	0.132**	−0.162**
	(0.042)	(0.033)	(0.041)	(0.059)	(0.038)	(0.049)
South-East Asia	−1.367**	−0.163**	−0.295**	0.248**	0.299**	0.274**
	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.019)	(0.029)	(0.017)	(0.032)
North-East Asia	−0.757**	−0.187**	−0.426**	0.266**	0.442**	0.307**
	(0.018)	(0.013)	(0.021)	(0.030)	(0.017)	(0.025)
Northern America	−0.636**	0.228**	−0.160**	0.314**	0.396**	0.320**
	(0.024)	(0.017)	(0.021)	(0.026)	(0.016)	(0.020)
Central/South America	1.053**	0.074**	0.190**	−0.190**	−0.181**	−0.268**
	(0.034)	(0.020)	(0.026)	(0.040)	(0.025)	(0.026)
Southern/Central Asia	−0.946**	−0.980**	−0.448**	0.067	0.070	−0.028
	(0.053)	(0.037)	(0.045)	(0.070)	(0.058)	(0.076)
Sub-Saharan Africa	−1.079**	−0.658**	−0.023	−0.122**	−0.366**	−0.343**
	(0.038)	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.019)	(0.019)	(0.024)
Years of NZ Education		0.043**	0.055**	−0.012**	−0.010**	−0.009**
		(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
Arrived Before 1957	−0.293**	0.054	−0.818**	0.126*	0.301**	0.063
	(0.028)	(0.042)	(0.038)	(0.061)	(0.085)	(0.105)
Arrived 1957–1966	−0.179**	0.050*	−0.717**	0.116**	0.295**	0.200**
	(0.016)	(0.025)	(0.023)	(0.039)	(0.057)	(0.071)
Arrived 1967–1976	−0.042**	0.009	−0.527**	0.098**	0.209**	0.087
	(0.010)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.028)	(0.038)	(0.048)
Arrived 1977–1986	0.063**	0.004	−0.286**	0.023	0.096**	−0.060
	(0.010)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.023)	(0.027)	(0.032)
Arrived 1987–1996	0.152**	0.014	0.221**	−0.069**	−0.053**	−0.114**
	(0.015)	(0.012)	(0.014)	(0.024)	(0.016)	(0.019)
Arrived 1997–2006	0.196**	−0.046**	1.027**	−0.112**	−0.122**	0.039
	(0.023)	(0.017)	(0.018)	(0.030)	(0.020)	(0.026)
Year is 2001	−0.092**	−0.053**	−0.017**	0.051**	0.059**	0.271**
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.013)
Year is 2006	−0.205**	−0.118**	−0.152**	−0.194**	−0.036**	0.222**
	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.008)	(0.009)	(0.014)
R-squared	0.32	0.18	0.14	0.05	0.07	0.08
Observations	335,568	404,739	338,283	159,315	163,032	92,187

Notes: Standard errors in parenthesis. All regressions also include controls for years in New Zealand (a series of indicator variables), geographical location and whether marriage status or hours of work are missing. All immigrant specific characteristics are defined so that the coefficients can be interpreted as the difference in the outcome between a particular group of immigrants and average immigrant in the sample
*Significant at 5 %; **significant at 1 %

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