From: Skill composition of immigration flows and the measurement of education-occupation mismatch
No quals | School quals | Post-school certificate | Post-school diploma | Bachelor degree | Higher degree | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potential experience | −0.003** | −0.061** | −0.012** | −0.037** | −0.019** | −0.009** |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | |
Pot Exp-squared/100 | −0.007** | 0.081** | 0.024** | 0.043** | 0.023** | 0.000 |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.006) | |
Currently married/de facto | −0.104** | −0.105** | −0.021 | −0.220** | −0.215** | −0.142** |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.014) | (0.024) | |
Previously married | −0.044** | −0.005 | 0.053** | −0.007 | −0.035* | 0.032 |
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.009) | (0.011) | (0.014) | (0.022) | |
Couple with no children | 0.039** | 0.057** | 0.066** | 0.133** | 0.127** | 0.115** |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.013) | (0.015) | (0.024) | |
Couple with children | 0.044** | 0.059** | 0.029** | −0.068** | −0.093** | −0.067** |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.023) | |
Single parent | 0.006 | −0.010 | 0.038** | −0.018 | −0.089** | −0.041 |
(0.005) | (0.006) | (0.009) | (0.010) | (0.014) | (0.023) | |
Lives in urban area | 0.044** | −0.010 | 0.034** | 0.016 | −0.042** | −0.061** |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.013) | (0.023) | |
Hours worked at main job | −0.004** | −0.007** | −0.008** | −0.015** | −0.020** | −0.018** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Has multiple jobs | −0.086** | 0.007 | −0.160** | −0.021** | −0.000 | −0.141** |
(0.006) | (0.005) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.010) | (0.016) | |
Australia | 0.847** | 0.090** | 0.221** | −0.074** | −0.376** | −0.214** |
(0.015) | (0.010) | (0.016) | (0.019) | (0.021) | (0.034) | |
Pacific Islands | −0.027** | 0.327** | −0.227** | 0.206** | −0.222** | 0.063 |
(0.006) | (0.007) | (0.010) | (0.016) | (0.022) | (0.047) | |
British Isles | 0.274** | 0.038** | 0.121** | −0.136** | −0.391** | −0.180** |
(0.005) | (0.004) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.010) | |
Western Europe | 0.308** | −0.040** | 0.050* | 0.012 | −0.209** | −0.058 |
(0.023) | (0.015) | (0.020) | (0.023) | (0.030) | (0.035) | |
Northern Europe | 0.597** | 0.290** | 0.369** | 0.003 | −0.177* | 0.269** |
(0.072) | (0.045) | (0.071) | (0.073) | (0.081) | (0.100) | |
Southern Europe | −0.739** | −0.276** | −0.027 | −0.135 | −0.123 | −0.736** |
(0.075) | (0.061) | (0.094) | (0.120) | (0.104) | (0.124) | |
South-Eastern Europe | −0.455** | −0.033 | 0.103* | 0.286** | 0.106** | 0.232** |
(0.046) | (0.030) | (0.051) | (0.064) | (0.041) | (0.067) | |
Eastern Europe | 0.715** | 0.050 | 0.088 | 0.472** | 0.337** | 0.554** |
(0.078) | (0.034) | (0.054) | (0.056) | (0.047) | (0.059) | |
North Africa/Middle East | −1.580** | −0.635** | −0.304** | 0.258** | 0.188** | −0.084 |
(0.076) | (0.043) | (0.064) | (0.073) | (0.045) | (0.076) | |
South-East Asia | −1.139** | −0.121** | −0.072** | 0.346** | 0.534** | 0.410** |
(0.014) | (0.012) | (0.018) | (0.025) | (0.014) | (0.033) | |
North-East Asia | −1.052** | −0.162** | −0.211** | 0.577** | 0.425** | 0.538** |
(0.017) | (0.012) | (0.023) | (0.024) | (0.016) | (0.028) | |
Northern America | −0.976** | −0.017 | −0.130** | 0.150** | 0.596** | 0.553** |
(0.028) | (0.018) | (0.031) | (0.033) | (0.019) | (0.025) | |
Central/South America | 0.998** | 0.231** | 0.386** | −0.112** | −0.153** | −0.299** |
(0.043) | (0.019) | (0.034) | (0.033) | (0.022) | (0.027) | |
Southern/Central Asia | −0.762** | −0.727** | −0.095 | 0.247** | 0.066 | −0.127 |
(0.059) | (0.035) | (0.055) | (0.064) | (0.054) | (0.083) | |
Sub-Saharan Africa | −1.234** | −0.979** | −0.175** | −0.176** | −0.450** | −0.329** |
(0.042) | (0.013) | (0.022) | (0.018) | (0.020) | (0.029) | |
Years of NZ education | 0.041** | 0.082** | −0.015** | −0.014** | −0.004 | |
(0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | ||
Arrived before 1957 | −0.056* | 0.039 | −0.932** | 0.265** | 0.016 | 0.210 |
(0.026) | (0.034) | (0.051) | (0.055) | (0.089) | (0.127) | |
Arrived 1957–1966 | −0.154** | 0.036 | −0.797** | 0.119** | 0.132* | 0.065 |
(0.015) | (0.020) | (0.030) | (0.036) | (0.058) | (0.086) | |
Arrived 1967–1976 | −0.054** | −0.002 | −0.511** | 0.040 | 0.103** | 0.062 |
(0.010) | (0.013) | (0.019) | (0.025) | (0.038) | (0.058) | |
Arrived 1977–1986 | 0.031** | −0.008 | −0.219** | −0.002 | 0.076** | −0.038 |
(0.012) | (0.010) | (0.015) | (0.020) | (0.026) | (0.039) | |
Arrived 1987–1996 | 0.148** | 0.031** | 0.354** | 0.002 | −0.013 | −0.105** |
(0.018) | (0.012) | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.016) | (0.022) | |
Arrived 1997–2006 | 0.252** | −0.047** | 1.142** | −0.148** | −0.066** | 0.037 |
(0.026) | (0.016) | (0.025) | (0.028) | (0.020) | (0.027) | |
Year is 2001 | −0.179** | −0.140** | −0.160** | −0.068** | −0.081** | 0.050** |
(0.003) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.010) | (0.015) | |
Year is 2006 | −0.325** | −0.250** | −0.286** | −0.336** | −0.280** | −0.101** |
(0.003) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.010) | (0.016) | |
R-squared | 0.34 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
Observations | 295,461 | 508,374 | 231,867 | 224,805 | 182,577 | 82,248 |