Table 2 Results of pooled LPM (dependent variable: naturalisation)
From: Naturalisation and on-the-job training: evidence from first-generation immigrants in Germany
Total | Western Europe | Non-Western Europe | Eastern Europe | Turkey | Other countries | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years since migration | 0.098*** | 0.044*** | 0.124*** | 0.133*** | 0.095*** | 0.242*** |
(0.010) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.024) | (0.017) | (0.032) | |
Married to a German citizen | 0.296*** | 0.111*** | 0.483*** | 0.448*** | 0.558*** | 0.059 |
(0.025) | (0.029) | (0.031) | (0.049) | (0.053) | (0.060) | |
Dummy variables for immigrants’ origin (reference: Western Europe) | ||||||
Eastern Europe | 0.226*** | |||||
(0.018) | ||||||
Turkey | 0.129*** | |||||
(0.012) | ||||||
Other | 0.473*** | |||||
(0.043) | ||||||
Gender | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.021 | −0.041 |
(0.014) | (0.015) | (0.019) | (0.033) | (0.018) | (0.061) | |
Age | 0.001 | −0.004 | 0.003 | −0.018 | 0.012** | 0.013 |
(0.004) | (0.003) | (0.007) | (0.013) | (0.006) | (0.027) | |
Age-squared | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.000 | 0.000 | −0.000** | −0.000 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Position in the job (reference: low) | ||||||
Medium | 0.036*** | 0.005 | 0.063*** | 0.054* | 0.027* | 0.130* |
(0.011) | (0.008) | (0.016) | (0.028) | (0.016) | (0.066) | |
High | 0.035 | 0.051 | 0.129** | 0.123 | 0.155* | −0.052 |
(0.038) | (0.037) | (0.054) | (0.079) | (0.091) | (0.096) | |
Education (reference: low) | ||||||
Medium | 0.036*** | 0.001 | 0.062*** | 0.057** | 0.026 | 0.159** |
(0.012) | (0.009) | (0.017) | (0.028) | (0.016) | (0.067) | |
High | 0.044 | 0.048 | 0.132** | 0.142* | 0.154* | −0.011 |
(0.038) | (0.034) | (0.054) | (0.080) | (0.090) | (0.100) | |
Blue-collar worker | −0.070*** | 0.003 | −0.136*** | −0.169*** | −0.005 | −0.017 |
(0.019) | (0.020) | (0.028) | (0.041) | (0.039) | (0.064) | |
Dummy variables for time period (reference: 1986–1989) | ||||||
Period: 1990–1993 | −0.015*** | −0.002 | −0.017** | −0.026** | −0.018*** | 0.073 |
(0.005) | (0.004) | (0.007) | (0.011) | (0.007) | (0.045) | |
Period: 1997–1999 | −0.011 | −0.011 | −0.002 | −0.013 | 0.003 | −0.028 |
(0.009) | (0.007) | (0.013) | (0.020) | (0.014) | (0.050) | |
Period: 2000–2004 | −0.017 | −0.014 | −0.014 | −0.028 | 0.015 | −0.171*** |
(0.011) | (0.012) | (0.015) | (0.025) | (0.017) | (0.052) | |
Period: 2005–2008 | −0.026* | −0.024 | −0.033* | −0.001 | −0.005 | −0.258*** |
(0.014) | (0.016) | (0.019) | (0.035) | (0.022) | (0.056) | |
Constant | −0.173* | −0.038 | −0.073 | 0.477* | −0.370*** | 0.197 |
(0.090) | (0.073) | (0.129) | (0.269) | (0.114) | (0.555) | |
R-squared adjusted | 0.350 | 0.142 | 0.371 | 0.344 | 0.414 | 0.431 |
No. of observations | 17,348 | 6616 | 10,732 | 4803 | 5074 | 855 |
No. of clusters | 2569 | 928 | 1641 | 702 | 759 | 180 |